本文選題：用水量 + 用水定額　； 參考：《山東建筑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前我國經(jīng)濟(jì)正處于高速上升期,人民生活較以往得到了較大的改善,城市用水設(shè)施也日趨完善,城市用水量隨之增加。目前使用的規(guī)范中涉及的用水定額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及最高日用水量與現(xiàn)在的建筑用水量不符合,而規(guī)范中的這類指標(biāo)應(yīng)隨社會發(fā)展而不斷改善。用水定額是作為評價(jià)某一地域水資源管理與計(jì)劃用水的一項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此,合適的用水定額對加強(qiáng)用水管理、改善用水現(xiàn)狀和實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展有重大意義。為研究我國西北地區(qū)用水現(xiàn)狀、改善該地區(qū)用水管理模式、加強(qiáng)節(jié)約用水,文章對我國西北地區(qū)進(jìn)行調(diào)研研究,具體工作內(nèi)容為:⑴調(diào)研我國城市水資源管理現(xiàn)狀,與國外水資源管理模式對比分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國在水資源管理工作中及節(jié)水工作的不足,結(jié)合用水定額的計(jì)算,提出合理性建議。⑵按照不同的城市規(guī)模,選取我國西北地區(qū)四座不同城市規(guī)模的城市,包括特大城市西安市、大型城市蘭州市、中型城市武威市和小城市會寧縣。在此4座城市中選取7類典型用水建筑進(jìn)行用水量調(diào)研,獲取其用水相關(guān)信息。將相同類別建筑通過聚類分析法進(jìn)行再細(xì)化分類,即將同類建筑按照功能、規(guī)模、或是性質(zhì)的不同分為2至3類,再進(jìn)行用水量調(diào)研。⑶用水量數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過篩選、分類處理后,整理為用水量日變化、用水量時變化折線圖或用水量統(tǒng)計(jì)表,并計(jì)算各類建筑日變化系數(shù)及時變化系數(shù)。找出用水量變化情況,根據(jù)各類建筑用水量變化趨勢與變化系數(shù),橫向分析不同類別建筑用水量不同的原因,縱向分析各建筑自身用水量變化的原因,發(fā)現(xiàn)影響用水量變化主要原因有季節(jié)性影響、節(jié)假日影響等。⑷編制用水定額。根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際情況及數(shù)據(jù)收集情況,選取更為科學(xué)、適宜的概率測算法進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,將調(diào)研計(jì)算獲取的大量人均用水量制作正態(tài)分布圖,按滿足90%人均用水量時情況下,進(jìn)行用水定額計(jì)算工作。計(jì)算結(jié)束后,再針對當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際用水情況,取用水定額建議值為辦公樓60~90 L/人·班,綜合辦公樓110~130 L/人·班;商場3~6 L/每平米營業(yè)面積·日;正餐類餐飲30~50 L/人·次、快餐類餐飲20~40 L/人·次;幼兒園30~50 L/人·天;浴室100~130 L/人·次;高等院校46~60 L/人·天;帶淋浴設(shè)施宿舍80~100 L/人·天、無淋浴設(shè)施宿舍20~40 L/人·天。⑸計(jì)算獲取的用水定額建議值與規(guī)范提供的用水定額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行對比,并通過對當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂驐l件、人民生活水平、用水設(shè)施情況、城市規(guī)模等多個方面綜合分析,得出目前城市生活用水定額主要影響因素有季節(jié)性影響、居民生活習(xí)慣影響、用水設(shè)備安裝程度影響、城市規(guī)模影響等。⑹分析編制用水定額時影響用水定額科學(xué)性的因素,從用水定額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)量單位分析誤差產(chǎn)生的原因和從用水定額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的分類中找出對某類建筑分類的不合理性,再結(jié)合目前用水實(shí)際情況提出改善意見。⑺闡述最終在用水量變化情況、用水定額編制得到的結(jié)論。結(jié)合實(shí)際提出針對用水定額制定方面的建議。
[Abstract]:At present, the economy of our country is at a high speed rising, the people's life has been greatly improved compared with the past, and the urban water use facilities are becoming more and more perfect, and the water consumption of the city is increasing. The standard of water quota and the maximum daily water amount involved in the current usage are not consistent with the current water consumption, and the norms in this kind of index should follow the society. The water quota is a basic standard for evaluating water resources management and planned water for a certain region. Therefore, the appropriate water quota is of great significance to strengthening water management, improving the current situation of water use and achieving sustainable development. Strong water saving, the article to the northwest area of China research and research, the specific work content is: (1) investigation of the current situation of urban water resources management in China, compared with foreign water resources management model, found that our country in water resources management and water saving work is insufficient, combined with the calculation of water quota, and put forward reasonable suggestions. 2. The scale of the city is selected four cities of different cities in the northwest of China, including Xi'an, Lanzhou, Wuwei, and small city in Huning county. In the 4 cities, 7 types of typical water use buildings are selected for water consumption survey, and the same type of buildings are clustered through clustering. The analysis method is further refined and classified, and the similar buildings are divided into 2 to 3 categories according to the function, scale, or nature, and then the water consumption survey is carried out. 3. After screening, the water consumption data is selected and classified into daily change of water consumption, the changing line map of water use or the statistical table of water consumption, and the calculation of the change coefficient of various buildings in time. In order to find out the change of water consumption, according to the changing trend and change coefficient of various kinds of building water consumption, the reasons for different types of water consumption in different types of buildings are analyzed horizontally, the reasons for the change of water consumption in each building are analyzed longitudinally, and the main reasons for the change of water consumption are seasonal and holidays. 4. According to the local actual situation and data collection, a more scientific and suitable method of probability calculation is selected for statistical analysis. A large amount of per capita water consumption obtained by investigation and calculation is made to make a normal distribution map, and the water quota is calculated under the condition of meeting 90% per capita water consumption. Water quota is recommended for office building 60~90 L/ person class, comprehensive office building 110~130 L/ person class; market 3~6 L/ per square meter business area. Day; dinner 30~50 L/ person / time, fast food 20~40 L/ person times; kindergarten 30~50 L/. The proposed value of water quota obtained by 20~40 L/ man days without shower facilities was compared with the standard of water quota provided by the standard. By analyzing the local climate conditions, the people's living standard, the water use facilities and the urban scale, the main influence of the current urban water consumption quota was obtained. There are seasonal effects, the influence of residents' living habits, the influence of the installation degree of water use equipment, the influence of urban scale, etc. Rational, and then combined with the actual situation of water use to improve the opinion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU991.31

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