本文選題：水齡 + 圍填海工程　； 參考：《國家海洋局第三海洋研究所》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：廈門灣位于福建省東南部,是一個半封閉型海灣,岸線曲折,地形復(fù)雜。上個世紀五十年代廈門就開始了圍海造田,圍墾給地方帶來巨大經(jīng)濟利益的同時也帶來了很多負面效應(yīng)。近年來,廈門灣灣內(nèi)水質(zhì)量逐步下降,水動力環(huán)境改變,納潮量減小,海水自凈能力下降,這些環(huán)境問題為將來地方經(jīng)濟的和諧持續(xù)發(fā)展埋下了隱患。環(huán)境流體動力學模型(EFDC)集水動力模塊、泥沙輸運模塊、污染物運移模塊和水質(zhì)預(yù)測模塊于一體,可以用于河流、湖泊、水庫、濕地和近岸海域一維、二維和三維物理和化學過程的模擬。為了研究島嶼多、岸線地形及流態(tài)復(fù)雜的九龍江口-廈門灣水動力過程,本文將EFDC模型運用于該水域三維潮流及鹽度場的數(shù)值模擬。對比實測資料校核了模型參數(shù),利用實測潮位、流速和鹽度數(shù)據(jù)對模擬結(jié)果進行了充分的驗證,吻合度高。該水域?qū)儆谝?guī)則半日潮類型,平均漲、落潮歷時約6 h;潮流以往復(fù)流運動為主,表層流速最大可達2m/s;低平潮前后出現(xiàn)面積合計約74km2的多處露灘;發(fā)現(xiàn)河口區(qū)分層及不同類型的鹽度鋒現(xiàn)象均在低潮后1h時最顯著。結(jié)果表明:該模式成功復(fù)演了九龍江口-廈門灣潮汐潮流和鹽度場的時空變化過程,適用于模擬和分析河口及近海海域的水動力場。水體微團在空間某點的“水齡”定義為該水體微團自進入控制體以來到流經(jīng)該點所需要的時間�！八g”作為一個時間尺度變量,是表征物質(zhì)交換和傳輸過程的重要評判指標。本文基于構(gòu)建完備的九龍江口-廈門灣水域三維水動力場模型,進一步引入水齡變量,計算和揭示該水域水體年齡的空間分異特征及其在潮過程的時空變化規(guī)律,并分析其動力成因。結(jié)果表明:水平方向上,廈門灣水體年齡呈“西北高、東南低”的格局,水齡從外海向灣頂遞增,由大、小金門海域的10~30天增加至同安灣頂?shù)?0~90天。灣內(nèi)等水齡線大體上與潮波的入射方向相垂直,并隨潮進退,但幅度不大。九龍江河口區(qū)由于受上游淡水注入和外海潮汐的影響,水齡呈“兩端低、中間高”的特征,總體上介于10~25天之間,而在河口區(qū)及其鄰近水域,存在一高齡水團(平均水齡為20天),該水團隨漲落潮在河口區(qū)域往復(fù)運動;在垂向上,該水域的水齡分層過程受河口鹽水楔鋒面、咸-淡水剪切鋒面及局域地形的控制,本文進一步揭示其成因。與此同時,該區(qū)域一些特殊的水體流態(tài)首次通過水齡的計算而得以明確表征,水齡概念的引入及水齡模型的應(yīng)用有助于理解河口-近海復(fù)雜的水動力環(huán)境。基于九龍江口-廈門灣三維水動力-水齡耦合模型,本文最后根據(jù)廈門海域近60年來實際的岸線變化,設(shè)計了一系列的數(shù)值模擬實驗,對研究區(qū)域各代表年代(1955年、1956年、1970年、1984年、2003年、2012年)的水動力和水齡進行全面的模擬,統(tǒng)計和分析了廈門同安灣在各代表年代的水齡大小及其分布特征,通過“水齡”的分布特征及其時空變化過程來揭示和量化圍填海工程對該海域水動力(水交換)環(huán)境的累積影響。結(jié)果表明:近60年來廈門海域的圍填海工程對同安灣水動力環(huán)境的影響很大,1955年以前,天然岸線條件下同安灣的平均水齡僅為57.19天,高集海堤、丙洲和東坑灣海域的圍墾造成同安灣水齡劇增,1984年至2012年,同安灣的平均水齡保持在120天左右的高齡階段,灣內(nèi)水動力條件很差。
[Abstract]:Xiamen Bay is located in the southeast of Fujian province. It is a 1.5 closed Bay. The coastline is tortuous and the terrain is complex. In the 50s of last century Xiamen began to make fields around the sea, which brought great economic benefits to the place, but also brought many negative effects. In recent years, the water quality of the Gulf of Xiamen declined gradually, the hydrodynamic environment changed, and the tide was loaded. The environmental fluid dynamics model (EFDC), a sediment transport module, a sediment transport module, a pollutant transport module and a water quality prediction module, can be used in one dimension of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, wetlands and coastal waters, two The EFDC model is applied to the numerical simulation of the three dimensional tidal current and salinity field in this water area. The model parameters are checked by comparing the measured data, and the measured tidal level, velocity and salinity data are simulated by the measured data. The results have been fully verified with high consistency. The water area belongs to the regular semidiurnal tide type, the average rises, and the ebb time is about 6 h. The current reflow movement is mainly, the maximum surface velocity is up to 2m/s, and the area of the low tide is about 74km2 of about 74km2. It is found that the estuarine differentiation layer and the different types of salinity front are both 1h after the low tide. The results show that the model successfully reacts the spatio-temporal change process of tidal currents and salinity fields in the Kowloon estuary Xiamen Bay, which is suitable for simulating and analyzing the hydrodynamic fields in the estuaries and offshore waters. The water age of a water body at a certain point in the space is defined as the self entering control body of the water body to come to the need of the flow. As a time scale variable, "water age" is an important evaluation index for the characterization of material exchange and transmission process. Based on the construction of a complete 3D hydrodynamic field model in the waters of the Jiulong Estuary - Xiamen Bay, this paper further introduces the age of water age to calculate and reveal the spatial differentiation characteristics of the age of the water body and the time and space in the tide process. In the horizontal direction, the water age of Xiamen Bay is in the "northwest high, the southeast low" pattern. The water age increases from the sea to the top of the Bay, from the 10~30 days in the big and small Jinmen sea to the 80~90 days at the top of the bay. The water age line in the bay is generally perpendicular to the direction of the wave incident, and it goes with the tide. But the amplitude is not significant. Nine in Longjiang estuary area, due to the influence of the upstream fresh water injection and the tide of the sea, the age of water is characterized by "low ends and high middle", generally between 10~25 days. In the estuarine area and its adjacent waters, there is a high age water mass (the average age of water is 20 days). The water mass moves along with the rising and falling tide in the estuary area; in vertical direction, the water mass is vertical. The water age stratification process in the water area is controlled by the saltwater wedge front, the salty fresh water shear front and the local terrain. At the same time, some special water flow patterns in the region are clearly characterized by the calculation of the age of water. The introduction of the age of water age and the application of the age model of the water are helpful to understand the river. Based on the three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water age coupling model of the Jiulong River Estuary Xiamen Bay, this paper finally designs a series of numerical simulation experiments based on the actual coastline changes in the Xiamen sea area for the last 60 years, and the hydrodynamic and water of the study of the regional representative years (1955, 1956, 1970, 1984, 2003, 2012). The age size and distribution characteristics of the water age of Tongan Bay in Xiamen are statistically analyzed, and the distribution characteristics of "water age" and its spatio-temporal change process are used to reveal and quantify the cumulative effect of the reclamation project on the hydrodynamics (water exchange) environment in the sea area. The results show that the confining of Xiamen sea area in the last 60 years The sea engineering has a great influence on the hydrodynamic environment of Tongan Bay. Before 1955, the average water age of Tongan Bay was only 57.19 days under the natural shoreline condition. The reclamation of the high collection sea embankment and the reclamation of the sea area in the coast of the mainland of China and the East Keng Bay caused a dramatic increase in the water age of Tongan Bay. From 1984 to 2012, the average water age of Tongan Bay remained at the age of 120 days or so, and the water power bar in the Bay was in the bay. It's a bad piece.

【學位授予單位】：國家海洋局第三海洋研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P753;P731

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