本文選題：硝化抑制劑 + 氮素轉(zhuǎn)化��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),我國(guó)單位面積化肥用量比世界平均水平高出2.7倍,由此造成的生態(tài)和環(huán)境壓力與日倍增,同時(shí),作物對(duì)傳統(tǒng)肥料的吸收利用效率在逐年降低,發(fā)展新型肥料成為一種必然趨勢(shì)。硝化抑制劑的使用能用減緩?fù)寥老趸饔玫倪M(jìn)程,提供作物所需養(yǎng)分的同時(shí)最大限度的保證了環(huán)境安全。本文是針對(duì)黑龍江省黑土區(qū)第一大農(nóng)作物玉米施用氮肥增效劑的研究,通過(guò)田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn),探討混合型硝化抑制劑對(duì)土壤氮素轉(zhuǎn)化、土壤p H值的影響,以及與一次性全施肥、追肥進(jìn)行氮素積累、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的比較分析,獲得混合型硝化抑制劑最佳配比。土壤銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮含量在玉米苗期的變化差異最明顯,尿素添加硝化抑制劑的處理,苗期土壤的銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮含量均達(dá)到生育期內(nèi)的最大值,吡唑類硝化抑制劑易被土壤膠體所吸附,導(dǎo)致各處理生育后期的土壤銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮含量基本一致,尿素中硝化抑制劑的添加與否均使土壤銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮呈現(xiàn)出苗期含量達(dá)到最高、而后明顯下降的變化趨勢(shì)。尿素添加硝化抑制劑明顯降低了土壤的硝化率,與一次性全施肥、追肥處理存在顯著性差異。土壤p H值的變化范圍在5.5~7.0,土壤pH值的下降是尿素添加硝化抑制劑施用后的明顯特征,該范圍內(nèi)土壤p H值的下降可降低土壤銨態(tài)氮向硝態(tài)氮的轉(zhuǎn)化速度,活化被土壤膠體所固定的磷元素,減少氮素以氨的形式揮發(fā)。在相關(guān)性分析中發(fā)現(xiàn),土壤pH值與硝化率之間存在極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)達(dá)到0.5697**;土壤p H值與土壤銨態(tài)氮含量存在極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.4962**。土壤含水率與土壤pH值、硝化率關(guān)系密切,均存在極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)線性關(guān)系,針對(duì)黑龍江省“雨熱同季”的氣候特征,結(jié)合土壤含水率在抽雄期達(dá)到最大值的變化情況,說(shuō)明5~8月份,隨著土壤含水率和土溫的上升,加速了硝化抑制劑被微生物的分解速度,抑制劑作用于尿素態(tài)氮素轉(zhuǎn)化的有效性增強(qiáng),保證了作物生育后期對(duì)養(yǎng)分的需求。根據(jù)硝化抑制效果、經(jīng)濟(jì)系數(shù)、氮素積累、氮收獲指數(shù)、產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因子及氮肥利用率的綜合性分析,最后認(rèn)為配方2低濃度處理(吡唑-吡啶鹽酸鹽混合物0.125%添加量)的作用效果最好,其次是配方1(吡唑-吡啶硫酸鹽混合物)。其中,配方1高濃度處理(吡唑-吡啶硫酸鹽混合物0.5%添加量)的苗期硝化抑制率最高,為64.93%;經(jīng)濟(jì)系數(shù)最高,達(dá)到61.39%。配方2低濃度處理(吡唑-吡啶鹽酸鹽混合物0.125%添加量)、配方1中濃度處理(吡唑-吡啶硫酸鹽混合物0.25%添加量)分別較一次性全施肥處理增產(chǎn)10.69%和5.89%;配方2低濃度處理、配方1低濃度處理(吡唑-吡啶硫酸鹽混合物0.125%添加量)對(duì)氮肥的利用效率最佳,分別為58.16%和47.14%。
[Abstract]:According to statistics, the amount of fertilizer per unit area in China is 2.7 times higher than the world average, resulting in a doubling of ecological and environmental pressures and diurnal pressure. At the same time, the efficiency of traditional fertilizer absorption and utilization by crops is decreasing year by year. The development of new type fertilizer has become an inevitable trend. The use of nitrification inhibitors can slow down the process of soil nitrification and provide the nutrients needed by crops while ensuring maximum environmental safety. In this paper, the effect of mixed nitrification inhibitor on soil nitrogen conversion, soil pH value, and total fertilizer application were studied through field experiments on the application of nitrogen fertilizer synergist to maize, the largest crop in the black soil area of Heilongjiang Province. The optimum ratio of mixed nitrification inhibitors was obtained by comparing and analyzing nitrogen accumulation, yield and quality of top dressing fertilizer. The change of soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content was the most obvious in maize seedling stage. The content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen reached the maximum value in seedling stage when urea was added with nitrification inhibitor. Pyrazole nitrification inhibitors are easy to be adsorbed by soil colloids, which leads to the same content of ammonium nitrogen in soil at the later stage of growth, and the addition of nitrification inhibitors in urea can make the soil ammonium nitrogen. Nitrate nitrogen content reached the highest level at emergence stage and then decreased obviously. The addition of nitrification inhibitor to urea significantly reduced the nitrification rate of soil, which was significantly different from that of one-off total fertilization and topdressing. The variation range of soil pH value was 5.5 ~ 7.0.The decrease of soil pH value was the obvious characteristic after application of urea with nitrification inhibitor. The decrease of soil pH value in this range could reduce the conversion rate of soil ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. Activate phosphorus fixed by soil colloid and reduce nitrogen volatilization in the form of ammonia. In the correlation analysis, it was found that there was a very significant positive correlation between soil pH value and nitrification rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.5697, and a very significant negative correlation between soil pH value and soil ammonium nitrogen content, with a correlation coefficient of -0.4962. Soil moisture content was closely related to soil pH value and nitrification rate, and there was an extremely significant negative correlation linear relationship between soil moisture content and soil pH value and nitrification rate. According to the climatic characteristics of "Rain Heat in the same season" in Heilongjiang Province, the change of soil moisture content reached the maximum value at the stage of pumping and reeling. The results showed that with the increase of soil moisture content and soil temperature, the decomposition rate of nitrification inhibitor by microorganisms was accelerated in May August, and the effectiveness of nitrification inhibitor acting on urea nitrogen transformation was enhanced, which ensured the nutrient demand in the later stage of crop growth. According to the comprehensive analysis of nitrification inhibition effect, economic coefficient, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen harvest index, yield, yield composition factor and nitrogen fertilizer utilization, It was concluded that formula 2 had the best effect with low concentration treatment (0.125% addition of pyrazole-pyridine hydrochloride mixture), followed by formula 1 (pyrazole-pyridine sulfate mixture). The highest nitrification inhibition rate (64.93%) and the highest economic coefficient (61.39%) of high concentration treatment (0.5% addition of pyrazole-pyridine sulfate mixture) at seedling stage were found in formula 1. Formula 2, low concentration treatment (pyrazole-pyridine hydrochloride mixture 0.125%), medium concentration treatment (pyrazole-pyridine sulfate mixture 0.25%) increased production by 10.69% and 5.89% respectively compared with one-off fertilization treatment, formula 2, low concentration treatment, The best nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency was 58.16% and 47.14% for low concentration treatment (0.125% pyrazole-pyridine sulfate mixture), respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S513

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