本文選題：哈薩克斯坦 + 俄羅斯��； 參考：《新疆師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：貿(mào)易和投資作為國家間經(jīng)濟交往的重要方式,可以有力地推動參與合作的國家國民經(jīng)濟的增長、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整等。蘇聯(lián)解體之初,哈薩克斯坦經(jīng)濟一直處于下滑狀態(tài),出現(xiàn)嚴重通貨膨脹,工業(yè)生產(chǎn)急劇下降,民眾生活較困難,此時的哈薩克斯坦需要經(jīng)濟上強有力的國家對其支持,與此同時,哈薩克斯坦奉行實用與平衡戰(zhàn)略,以周邊國家為優(yōu)先合作伙伴,積極開展對外合作,最終達到恢復國家經(jīng)濟及穩(wěn)定國內(nèi)政治環(huán)境的目的。中國、俄羅斯不僅是哈薩克斯坦的鄰國,更是哈薩克斯坦重要的經(jīng)濟合作伙伴。自1992年中哈建交以來,兩國政府領導往來密切,簽訂有關(guān)經(jīng)貿(mào)和投資領域的雙邊文件,開展貿(mào)易和投資合作;俄羅斯作為哈薩克斯坦傳統(tǒng)上的經(jīng)濟合作伙伴,雖然蘇聯(lián)解體,但兩國間的貿(mào)易和投資合作并沒有就此中斷。2015年底,俄羅斯與哈薩克斯坦和中國與哈薩克斯坦的貿(mào)易額占哈薩克斯坦對外貿(mào)易總額的19.19%和13.91%;是哈薩克斯坦第一和第二大貿(mào)易伙伴國;中國對哈薩克斯坦和俄羅斯對哈薩克斯坦的直接投資存量占哈薩克斯坦引進外商直接投資總額的2.3%和2.6%,在哈薩克斯坦的外商直接投資來源國中,分列第六和第五位。利用哈薩克斯坦統(tǒng)計年鑒和國際貿(mào)易中心的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)分析國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,哈薩克斯坦經(jīng)濟逐步向好,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)“三二一”序列,對外貿(mào)易、外資引進及對外投資都呈現(xiàn)出良好的增長態(tài)勢,與中國的貿(mào)易合作多屬于產(chǎn)業(yè)間貿(mào)易,而與俄羅斯的貿(mào)易合作多屬于產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易,中、俄對哈的直接投資領域分別集中在采掘業(yè)和零售批發(fā)貿(mào)易領域;通過線性回歸的實證分析方法得出,中國與哈薩克斯坦和俄羅斯與哈薩克斯坦的貿(mào)易、直接投資對哈薩克斯坦經(jīng)濟增長都呈正相關(guān),即對哈薩克斯坦的經(jīng)濟增長有促進作用,而且不同的經(jīng)濟合作方式對經(jīng)濟增長的促進程度不同,俄哈貿(mào)易帶動哈薩克斯坦GDP的增長額略高于中哈貿(mào)易帶動哈薩克斯坦GDP的增長額,中國對哈薩克斯坦的直接投資對哈薩克斯坦GDP的拉動作要高于俄羅斯對哈薩克斯坦的直接投資對哈薩克斯坦GDP的拉動作要,主要是由于貿(mào)易和投資的規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)不同造成的;對比中哈與俄哈的貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)和投資結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)在哈國主要進口商品來源國中,中、俄屬于競爭關(guān)系,而中、俄對哈直接投資的主要領域不同,中國在與哈薩克斯坦進開展貿(mào)易和直接投資時,可發(fā)展與應適當調(diào)整貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)和投資領域,出口具有競爭優(yōu)勢的商品,投資具有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ念I域,最終實現(xiàn)互利共贏。
[Abstract]:As an important way of economic communication between countries, trade and investment can promote the growth of national economy and the adjustment of industrial structure. At the beginning of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the economy of Kazakhstan had been in a state of decline, with severe inflation, a sharp decline in industrial production, and a difficult life for its people. At that time, Kazakhstan needed strong economic support from the country. At the same time, Kazakhstan pursues a practical and balanced strategy, regards neighboring countries as priority partners, actively carries out foreign cooperation, and finally achieves the goal of restoring the national economy and stabilizing the domestic political environment. China and Russia are not only Kazakhstan's neighbors, but also Kazakhstan's important economic partners. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Kazakhstan in 1992, the leaders of the two countries have conducted close exchanges, signed bilateral documents on trade, trade and investment, and carried out trade and investment cooperation. Russia, as Kazakhstan's traditional economic cooperation partner, although the Soviet Union disintegrated, But trade and investment cooperation between the two countries has not been suspended by the end of 2015. The volume of trade between Russia and Kazakhstan and between China and Kazakhstan accounts for 19.19% and 13.91% of Kazakhstan's total foreign trade volume and is the first and second largest trading partner of Kazakhstan. The stock of China's direct investment in Kazakhstan and Russia accounts for 2.3% and 2.6% of the total amount of foreign direct investment (FDI) imported from Kazakhstan, ranking sixth and fifth among the countries of origin of foreign direct investment in Kazakhstan. Using the statistical yearbook of Kazakhstan and relevant data from the International Trade Center to analyze the current situation of domestic economic development, Kazakhstan's economy is gradually improving, the industrial structure presents a "March 21" sequence, and foreign trade, Foreign investment and foreign investment have shown a good growth trend. Trade cooperation with China is mostly inter-industry trade, while trade cooperation with Russia is mostly intra-industry trade. Russia's direct investment in Kazakhstan is concentrated in the fields of extractive industry and retail and wholesale trade respectively. Through the empirical analysis method of linear regression, it is concluded that China and Kazakhstan and Russia and Kazakhstan trade, Direct investment is positively related to Kazakhstan's economic growth, that is, it promotes Kazakhstan's economic growth, and different forms of economic cooperation promote economic growth to different degrees. The growth of GDP in Kazakhstan led by Russian-Kazakh trade is slightly higher than that of GDP in Kazakhstan driven by trade between China and Kazakhstan. China's direct investment in Kazakhstan to Kazakhstan's GDP is higher than that of Russia's to Kazakhstan's GDP, mainly due to the different scale and structure of trade and investment. By comparing the trade structure and investment structure between China and Kazakhstan, we find that among the major countries of origin of Kazakh imports, China and Russia belong to a competitive relationship, while China and Russia have different main areas of direct investment in Kazakhstan. In carrying out trade and direct investment with Kazakhstan, China can develop and should adjust its trade structure and investment fields appropriately, export commodities with competitive advantages, invest in areas with development potential, and ultimately achieve mutual benefit and win-win results.
【學位授予單位】：新疆師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F125;F151.2

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