本文選題：麻櫟 + 栓皮櫟��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：櫟屬約有(Quercus L.)450種,分布范圍非常廣泛,是重要的集觀賞價值、經(jīng)濟價值、生態(tài)價值為一體的種屬。我省為麻櫟(Quercus acutissima)和栓皮櫟(Quercus variabilis)主要分布區(qū)之一。近些年,隨著人類生產(chǎn)活動,原生的麻櫟和栓皮櫟遭到破壞,本文通過搜集山東省27個麻櫟半同胞家系和19個栓皮櫟半同胞家系種子并培育成林。根據(jù)AFLP(Amplified fragment length polymorphism)分子標記技術(shù)的試驗結(jié)果,分析麻櫟和栓皮櫟,二者各自的遺傳多樣性、遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)和親緣關(guān)系情況;對其進行1年生、5年生和8年生苗、葉生長指標測定,選育出優(yōu)勢速生家系,為麻櫟、栓皮櫟種質(zhì)資源評價、保護以及利用提供理論依據(jù)。試驗結(jié)果如下:1.麻櫟的遺傳多樣性分析:從64對引物組合中,選取8對重復(fù)性好、多態(tài)性高的引物組合,結(jié)果顯示,72份種質(zhì)在8對引物中共擴增出1440條譜帶,多態(tài)帶比例為100%。平均觀測的等位基因數(shù)Na=2.0、平均有效等位基因數(shù)Ne=1.2638、平均Nei's基因多樣性H=0.1731和平均Shannon信息指數(shù)I=0.2871,表明72份麻櫟種質(zhì)之間的遺傳多樣性較高;72份種質(zhì)之間的遺傳一致度(In)介于0.3048-0.7597。來自同一家系的單株,大都首先聚在一起。72份麻櫟種質(zhì)中有61份種質(zhì)產(chǎn)生特異性條帶,通過特異性條帶可鑒別出84.7%的種質(zhì),并且產(chǎn)生特異性條帶數(shù)為209個,全部是單態(tài)帶,沒有缺失帶。麻櫟9個半同胞家系的多態(tài)帶比例從42.17%到54.29%不等,平均多態(tài)帶比例為48.72%。多態(tài)帶比例由大到小為:石榴園32號蒙陰50號地震臺39號龍口48號三陽觀22號萊陽52號東泊子43號紅門16號徂徠山46號。2.麻櫟的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu):9個半同胞家系間的遺傳分化度Gst=0.2478,基因流(Nm)為1.6517,表明遺傳變異主要來自于家系內(nèi)部且不同家系間有一定的基因交流。9個半同胞家系的遺傳一致度(In)介于0.9082~0.9808之間,平均值為0.9507;遺傳距離(D)介于0.0194-0.0753之間,平均值為0.0493,不同家系間遺傳相似性較大;在遺傳距離D=0.044處,可將9個麻櫟半同胞家系分成4類。用Metal檢驗遺傳距離(D)與地理位置之間的關(guān)系,可得出二者不存在相關(guān)性(r=0.1133,p=0.7169)。3.栓皮櫟的遺傳多樣性分析:從64對引物組合中,選取8對多態(tài)性較好、重復(fù)率高的引物組合,結(jié)果顯示,82份種質(zhì)在8對引物中共擴增出1438條譜帶,多態(tài)帶比例為100%。平均觀測的等位基因數(shù)Na=2.0、平均有效等位基因數(shù)Ne=1.2903、平均Nei’s基因多樣性H=0.1868和平均Shannon信息指數(shù)I=0.3050,表明栓皮櫟半同胞家系之間的遺傳多樣性處于較高水平;82份種質(zhì)之間的遺傳一致度(In)介于0.3229-0.7010。來自同一家系的單株,并非首先聚在一起,說明栓皮櫟家系內(nèi)存在一定的變異。82份栓皮櫟種質(zhì)中,產(chǎn)生特異性條帶的有60份種質(zhì),通過特異性條帶可以檢測出73.17%的種質(zhì)。82份種質(zhì)共檢測出176個特異性條帶,全部是單態(tài)帶,沒有缺失帶,12個半同胞家系的多態(tài)帶比例介于36.61%-59.81%之間,平均多態(tài)帶比例為47.92%。各家系的遺傳多樣性按多態(tài)帶大小排序可以得出:嶗山49號平度51號昆崳山54號費縣45號石榴園7號紅門5號海陽55號三陽觀26號鄒城47號沂源44號地震臺9號普照寺11號。4.栓皮櫟的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu):12個半同胞家系間的遺傳分化度(Gst)為0.2671,基因流(Nm)為1.3860,表明遺傳變異主要來自于家系內(nèi)部且不同家系間有一定的基因交流。12個半同胞家系的遺傳一致度(In)介于0.9178~0.9857之間,平均值為0.9461;遺傳距離介于0.0144-0.0861(PD51和DZ9)之間,平均0.0509,不同家系間遺傳相似性較大;在遺傳距離(D)為0.05處被12個栓皮櫟半同胞家系分成4類。用Metal檢驗檢測栓皮櫟遺傳距離(D)與地理位置之間的關(guān)系,得出二者之間不存在相關(guān)性(r=0.1287,p=0.8428)。5.麻櫟速生家系的選擇:通過測定并分析一年生、五年生和八年生麻櫟的生長指標,利用統(tǒng)計軟件SAS 9.2分別對數(shù)據(jù)進行聚類分析,初步在黃島麻櫟27個麻櫟半同胞家系中選擇速生家系,泰安三陽觀24號(SY24)、泰安三陽觀29號(SY29)、泰安徂徠山46號(CL46)和煙臺萊陽52號(LY52)共計4個速生半同胞家系。6.栓皮櫟速生家系的選擇:通過測定并分析一年生、五年生和八年生栓皮櫟的生長指標,利用統(tǒng)計軟件SAS 9.2對數(shù)據(jù)進行聚類分析,初步在黃島栓皮櫟19個半同胞家系中選擇速生家系,泰安三陽觀23號(SY23)、泰安石榴園35號(SL35)和泰安地震臺37號(DZ37),共計3個速生半同胞家系。
[Abstract]:The 450 species of Quercus (Quercus L.) are widely distributed. It is an important species of ornamental value, economic value and ecological value. Our province is one of the main distribution areas of Quercus variabilis (Quercus acutissima) and Quercus variabilis (Quercus variabilis). In recent years, with human production activities, the original Quercus and Quercus variabilis were destroyed. According to the results of AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism) molecular marker technique, the genetic diversity, inheritance structure and relationship between the two people of 27 semi sib families and 19 semi compatriot families of Quercus variabilis and Quercus variabilis families in Shandong were collected and cultivated for 1 years and 5 years. The results of genetic diversity analysis of Quercus variabilis and Quercus variabilis: 1. genetic diversity analysis of Quercus variabilis: from 64 pairs of primer combinations, 8 pairs of primer combinations with good reproducibility and high polymorphism were selected from 64 pairs of primer combinations. The results showed that 72 germplasms were in 8. 1440 bands were amplified by the primers, and the number of alleles was Na=2.0, the average effective allele number was Ne=1.2638, the average Nei's diversity H=0.1731 and the average Shannon information index I=0.2871, indicating that the genetic diversity among the 72 Quercus germplasms was higher, and the genetic consistency between 72 Germplasms (In). Among the single strains of 0.3048-0.7597. from the same family, 61 of the Germplasms of Quercus Quercus were first gathered together to produce specific bands, and 84.7% of the germplasms were identified by specific bands, and the number of specific bands was 209, all of which were mono bands and no missing bands. The proportion of polymorphic bands in the 9.5 siblings of Quercus Quercus from 4 was 4. From 2.17% to 54.29%, the average polymorphic band ratio of 48.72%. polymorphic bands ranged from large to small: genetic structure of Quercus Quercus.2., No. 16, Laiyang 52, No. 39, No. 39, No. 48, No. 39, Longkou No. 22, No. 52, No. 22, No. 52, No. 22, No. 52. The genetic variation is mainly from the family family and the genetic consistency (In) of.9 half sib families with certain genetic exchanges between families is between 0.9082~0.9808, the average value is 0.9507, the genetic distance (D) is between 0.0194-0.0753, the average value is 0.0493, the genetic similarity between different families is larger, and the genetic distance D=0.044, can be found. The relationship between genetic distance (D) and geographical location of 9 Quercus families of 9 Quercus is divided into 4 categories. Genetic diversity analysis of Quercus variabilis in two non existence (r=0.1133, p=0.7169).3. can be obtained. From 64 pairs of primer combinations, 8 pairs of primer combinations with good polymorphism and high repetition rate are selected. The results show that 82 germplasms are 8 pairs. 1438 bands were amplified by primers, and the number of alleles was Na=2.0, the average effective allele number was Ne=1.2903, the average Nei 's gene diversity H=0.1868 and the average Shannon information index I=0.3050, indicating that the remains diversity between the half sib families of Quercus variabilis was at a high level, and between the 82 copies of germplasm. The genetic consistency (In) was between the single strains of 0.3229-0.7010. from the same family, and it was not first gathered together. It showed that 60 germplasm of specific bands were produced in the germplasm of Quercus variabilis family in a certain variant.82 Quercus variabilis, and 176 specific bands could be detected by the specific bands of 73.17% Germplasm from the germplasm of the germplasm. All mono belts, no missing bands, the proportion of polymorphic bands in 12.5 sib families is between 36.61%-59.81%, and the average polymorphic band ratio is 47.92%.. The genetic diversity of the families of each family can be classified according to the polymorphic Band Size: Laoshan 49, No. 51, Kunyu Mountain 54, No. 7, No. 45, 7 Red Gate of pomegranate garden No. 45, 55 of Haiyang 55, and Zoucheng 47. 47 Genetic structure of Quercus variabilis (Quercus variabilis).4., No. 11, No. 9 Yiyuan seismological station, No. 11, the genetic differentiation degree (Gst) of 12.5 compatriots and gene flow (Nm) is 1.3860, indicating that genetic variation mainly comes from the family and the genetic consistency of.12 half sib families with a certain gene exchange between different families (In) is between 0.9178~0.9857 The average value was 0.9461, the genetic distance was between 0.0144-0.0861 (PD51 and DZ9), an average of 0.0509, and the genetic similarity between different families was larger. The genetic distance (D) was divided into 4 classes of 12 Quercus variabilis families. The relationship between the genetic distance of Quercus variabilis (D) and geographical location was detected by Metal test, and there was no existence between the two. The selection of fast growing family of Quercus Quercus (r=0.1287, p=0.8428).5.: by measuring and analyzing the growth indexes of annual, five year and eight year old oak, using statistical software SAS 9.2 to cluster analysis of data respectively, select the fast-growing family, Tai'an San Yang 24 (SY24), Tai Ansan, Tai Ansan, 27 Quercus of Quercus Quercus Yang Guan 29 (SY29), 4 fast-growing and half sibling families of Yantai, Yantai and Laiyang 52 (LY52), Yantai, a total of 4 fast-growing family lines of Quercus variabilis (Quercus variabilis). By measuring and analyzing the growth indices of the annual, five and eight year old Quercus variabilis, the data were cluster analyzed by the statistical software SAS 9.2, initially in the Quercus variabilis 19.5 of Huangdao. Among the siblings, there are 3 fast-growing half sib families, including Sanyang Guan 23 (SY23), Tai'an 35 (SL35) and Tai'an Seismological Station 37 (DZ37).

【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S792.18

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