本文選題：畜禽養(yǎng)殖 + 污染防治分區(qū)　； 參考：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)快速發(fā)展的同時(shí),也面臨著嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題。但我國(guó)畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染防治起步較晚,對(duì)畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染認(rèn)識(shí)不夠全面,各地區(qū)在治理畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染時(shí)存在技術(shù)模式把握不準(zhǔn)、管理措施缺乏的嚴(yán)重不足。本文通過(guò)大量的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查、專(zhuān)家咨詢(xún)、文獻(xiàn)查找,全面了解影響畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染的主要原因,通過(guò)對(duì)幾種評(píng)價(jià)方法分析比較,選擇層次分析法進(jìn)一步研究影響畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染防治模式選擇的主導(dǎo)因子,然后對(duì)我國(guó)31個(gè)省(直轄市、自治區(qū))的360個(gè)市的統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒中影響畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染防治模式選擇的主導(dǎo)因子的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行收集分段,通過(guò)聚類(lèi)分析法進(jìn)行區(qū)域劃分,對(duì)每個(gè)區(qū)域的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)分析,提出適合不同區(qū)域的畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染防治模式及污染治理設(shè)施建設(shè)要求。主要結(jié)論如下：(1)層次分析法有效地運(yùn)用于綜合考慮因素多,數(shù)據(jù)多的案例,適合從宏觀(guān)上分析畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染模式的主導(dǎo)因子。而模糊評(píng)價(jià)法、秩和比法、綜合考慮法、topsis法在畜禽養(yǎng)殖方面應(yīng)用不多,不適合從宏觀(guān)上研究。(2)本文首次將層次分析法應(yīng)用于畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染模式研究。采用組合要素分析的方法分析出與畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染防治模式相關(guān)的主要影響因素,然后通過(guò)專(zhuān)家咨詢(xún)法、相關(guān)性分析法建立了包括自然條件、農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)條件、農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件3個(gè)準(zhǔn)則層,10個(gè)指標(biāo)層,并利用層次分析法分析出5個(gè)畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染防治模式的主導(dǎo)因子,分別是：年降雨量、年均氣溫、地形地貌特征、農(nóng)業(yè)播種面積和經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)度。(3)通過(guò)對(duì)全國(guó)各地市年降雨量、年均氣溫、人均農(nóng)業(yè)播種面積和人均GDP的不同段賦值,利用聚類(lèi)分析法將我國(guó)360個(gè)市歸類(lèi),結(jié)合地形地貌特征將我國(guó)360個(gè)市分為14個(gè)區(qū)域,分別是青藏區(qū)、甘新蒙區(qū)、黃土高原區(qū)、西南區(qū)、長(zhǎng)江中下游區(qū)、華南區(qū)、東北區(qū)、長(zhǎng)城沿線(xiàn)區(qū)、華北平原區(qū)、沿海-經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)區(qū)、四川盆地區(qū)、淮南區(qū)、內(nèi)蒙區(qū)、北蒙黑區(qū)。(5)總結(jié)我國(guó)糞污處理方式及其特點(diǎn),糞便清理方式主要有干清糞、水沖糞和水泡糞；糞便處理方式主要有直接農(nóng)業(yè)利用、簡(jiǎn)單堆肥后農(nóng)業(yè)利用、生產(chǎn)有機(jī)肥；污水處理方式主要有直接農(nóng)業(yè)利用、厭氧處理后農(nóng)業(yè)利用、厭氧好氧達(dá)標(biāo)排放。(6)根據(jù)各個(gè)區(qū)域的特點(diǎn),結(jié)合各個(gè)區(qū)域的冰封期,農(nóng)業(yè)種植間隔期等因素,針對(duì)豬、牛、雞三類(lèi)主要養(yǎng)殖品種,對(duì)每個(gè)地區(qū)散養(yǎng)戶(hù)、專(zhuān)業(yè)戶(hù)和規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)提出適合畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染防治模式和建設(shè)要求。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding industry in China, it is also faced with severe environmental pollution problems. However, the prevention and control of livestock and poultry pollution in our country started late, the understanding of livestock and poultry pollution was not comprehensive enough, the technical mode was not sure and the management measures were lack of serious deficiency in the control of livestock and poultry pollution in various regions. Through a lot of field investigation, expert consultation and literature search, this paper comprehensively understands the main reasons that affect livestock and poultry breeding pollution, and analyzes and compares several evaluation methods. Selective Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to further study the dominant factors that affect the selection of pollution control modes for livestock and poultry breeding, and then 31 provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government) in China, In the statistical yearbook of 360 cities of the autonomous region, the data of the leading factors that affect the selection of control modes for livestock and poultry pollution prevention and control are collected and segmented, and the characteristics of each region are summarized and analyzed by cluster analysis. The model of pollution prevention and control and the construction requirements of pollution control facilities for livestock and poultry breeding in different regions were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is effectively applied to the cases with more comprehensive factors and more data, which is suitable for analyzing the dominant factors of livestock and poultry breeding pollution pattern from the macro perspective. However, the fuzzy evaluation method, rank sum ratio method and comprehensive consideration method are not widely used in livestock and poultry breeding, so it is not suitable to study the pollution model of livestock and poultry breeding by AHP for the first time. The main influencing factors related to the prevention and control mode of livestock and poultry pollution were analyzed by the method of combination factor analysis, and then the natural condition and the basic condition of agriculture were established by expert consultation and correlation analysis. The main factors of pollution prevention and control mode of livestock and poultry breeding were analyzed by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The main factors were: annual rainfall, average annual temperature, landform and geomorphology, respectively. Agricultural sowing area and economic intensity. (3) based on the values of annual rainfall, average annual temperature, per capita agricultural sowing area and GDP per capita, 360 cities in China were classified by cluster analysis. Combined with topographic and geomorphological features, 360 cities in China are divided into 14 regions, namely, Qinghai-Tibet region, Ganxinmeng region, Loess Plateau, Southwest region, Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River, South China, Northeast, the Great Wall, North China Plain, etc. In coastal and economic developed area, Sichuan basin area, Huainan area, Inner Mongolia area, North Mongolia area. 5) summing up the faeces disposal methods and their characteristics in our country, the main ways of excrement cleaning are dry cleaning, water washing and blistering. Faecal disposal mainly includes direct agricultural utilization, simple composting, agricultural utilization and production of organic fertilizer; sewage treatment mainly includes direct agricultural utilization, anaerobic treatment, agricultural utilization, anaerobic standard discharge, etc.) according to the characteristics of each region, Combined with the ice period of each region and the period of agricultural planting interval, aiming at three kinds of main breed of pig, cattle and chicken, this paper puts forward the suitable pollution prevention mode and construction requirements for the individual farmers, specialized households and large-scale farms in each area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X713

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