本文選題：生態(tài)足跡　切入點(diǎn)：可持續(xù)發(fā)展　出處：《四川省社會(huì)科學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自1978年實(shí)施改革開放戰(zhàn)略以來,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展并取得了舉世矚目的成績(jī)。伴隨著工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化和現(xiàn)代化的快速推進(jìn),國(guó)家的綜合國(guó)力顯著增強(qiáng),但是我們?yōu)橹冻隽溯^高的生態(tài)成本,資源約束趨緊、環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化,經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展在諸多方面都面臨著不可持續(xù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與挑戰(zhàn)。對(duì)此,黨和政府提出了把可持續(xù)發(fā)展作為全面建成小康社會(huì),進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化,中華民族偉大復(fù)興的重要內(nèi)容和指標(biāo)。但可持續(xù)發(fā)展應(yīng)該怎么衡量,尤其是如何衡量某區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展的水平和狀態(tài),事關(guān)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)與生態(tài)環(huán)境能否實(shí)現(xiàn)協(xié)調(diào)共進(jìn),支持該區(qū)域的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。基于此,本文利用“生態(tài)足跡分析法”,以湖北省仙桃市為例,通過當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駥?duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品等的生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi),計(jì)算仙桃市的生態(tài)足跡,評(píng)價(jià)仙桃市生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài),并提出促進(jìn)仙桃市生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的建議。本文通過對(duì)生態(tài)足跡理論、模型以及計(jì)算方法的學(xué)習(xí),對(duì)比了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者關(guān)于生態(tài)足跡計(jì)算的方法,結(jié)合本文的研究對(duì)象——湖北省仙桃市,通過“省公頃”的概念,結(jié)合湖北省以及仙桃市統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)算出湖北省的產(chǎn)量因子、仙桃市的產(chǎn)量因子,以使計(jì)算結(jié)果更加精確。利用《湖北省統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),先計(jì)算出湖北省2010年到2015年的當(dāng)量因子,再統(tǒng)計(jì)《仙桃市統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)算出仙桃市2010年、2012年、2014年和2015年的產(chǎn)量因子。通過對(duì)仙桃市生態(tài)足跡、生態(tài)承載力和生態(tài)赤字(盈余)的計(jì)算,并對(duì)這些在固定年份的相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析、生態(tài)足跡動(dòng)態(tài)變化分析和生態(tài)足跡結(jié)構(gòu)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)不合理是仙桃市產(chǎn)生生態(tài)赤字的主要原因,土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)不合理主要包括:(1)林地少且分布不均;(2)牧草地匱乏;(3)耕地生產(chǎn)力下降;(4)水域污染日益嚴(yán)重,除土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)不合理原因外,還存在居民消費(fèi)水平提高、消費(fèi)模式和食物結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變;區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀念薄弱等原因。最后,為改善仙桃市生態(tài)環(huán)境、促進(jìn)其可持續(xù)發(fā)展,本文給出了以下幾點(diǎn)建議:(1)提高耕地生產(chǎn)力;(2)擴(kuò)大林地面積;(3)保護(hù)草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng);(4)保護(hù)水域生態(tài)系統(tǒng),創(chuàng)新養(yǎng)殖模式;(5)促進(jìn)建設(shè)用地集約利用;(6)控制人口增長(zhǎng),提高人口質(zhì)量;(7)加速化石能源經(jīng)濟(jì)向低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)型等。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of the strategy of reform and opening up in 1978, China's economy has developed at a rapid pace and made remarkable achievements. With the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization and modernization, the comprehensive national strength of the country has increased significantly. However, we pay high ecological cost, tighten resource constraints, seriously pollute the environment, degenerate ecosystems, and face unsustainable risks and challenges in many aspects of economic and social development. The Party and the government have proposed that sustainable development should be regarded as an important content and target for building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. But how should sustainable development be measured? In particular, how to measure the level and status of a region's sustainable development is related to whether the regional economic, social and ecological environment can achieve coordinated progress and support the sustainable development of the region. Taking Xiantao City of Hubei Province as an example, the ecological footprint of Xiantao City is calculated by the production and consumption of agricultural products by local residents, and the ecological sustainable development state of Xiantao City is evaluated. Through the study of ecological footprint theory, model and calculation method, this paper compares the domestic and foreign scholars' methods of ecological footprint calculation. Combined with the research object of this paper, Xiantao City, Hubei Province, through the concept of "provincial hectare", combined with the statistical yearbooks of Hubei Province and Xiantao City, the production factors of Hubei Province and Xiantao City are calculated, and the output factors of Xiantao City are calculated. In order to make the calculation results more accurate. Using the relevant data of the Statistical Yearbook of Hubei Province, the equivalent factors of Hubei Province from 2010 to 2015 are calculated first, and then the relevant data of the Statistical Yearbook of Xiantao City are counted. By calculating the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological deficit (surplus) of Xiantao City in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2015, we compared and analyzed the corresponding data in a fixed year. The dynamic changes of ecological footprint and the analysis of ecological footprint structure show that unreasonable land use structure is the main reason of ecological deficit in Xiantao city. The unreasonable structure of land use mainly includes: 1) less woodland and 2) lack of forage land. 3) the productivity of cultivated land is declining. 4) Water pollution is becoming more serious. Besides the unreasonable land use structure, there is also a rise in the consumption level of residents. In order to improve the ecological environment of Xiantao City and promote its sustainable development, the consumption pattern and food structure are changed, the concept of regional sustainable development is weak and so on. The following suggestions are given in this paper: 1) to increase the productivity of cultivated land / 2) to expand the area of woodland and 3) to protect the grassland ecosystem 4) to protect the aquatic ecosystem, and 5) to promote intensive utilization of construction land and control the population growth, 4) to protect the aquatic ecosystem, and 5) to promote the intensive utilization of the construction land. Improving population quality and accelerating the transition of fossil energy economy to low carbon economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川省社會(huì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X22;F124.5

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