本文選題：農(nóng)產(chǎn)品比較優(yōu)勢　切入點(diǎn)：農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)　出處：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,一些深層次的矛盾和問題逐漸顯現(xiàn)。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本不斷提高、農(nóng)民增產(chǎn)不增收、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供求不平衡、國內(nèi)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品庫存不斷增加的同時進(jìn)口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品大量涌入中國市場。造成這種現(xiàn)象的一個重要原因就在于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,無法契合市場需求的變化;農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)和比較優(yōu)勢背離,農(nóng)業(yè)資源配置不合理,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率低下。解決這一問題的途徑就是要調(diào)整和優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、地區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu);優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)資源配置,將有限的資源集中到優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)品和優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè);圍繞市場需求進(jìn)行生產(chǎn),提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,保證產(chǎn)品安全,提升農(nóng)業(yè)競爭力。目前備受關(guān)注的農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整實(shí)質(zhì)就是在保證農(nóng)產(chǎn)品數(shù)量充足的基礎(chǔ)上,提高農(nóng)業(yè)供給體系的質(zhì)量和效率,真正生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)者需要的產(chǎn)品品種,形成結(jié)構(gòu)合理的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有效供給體系。本文研究了吉林省及9個地區(qū)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品(主要是種植業(yè)產(chǎn)品和畜產(chǎn)品)的綜合比較優(yōu)勢,將吉林省主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)勢情況同地理位置臨近、資源稟賦相似的黑龍江省、遼寧省和內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)進(jìn)行對比分析,并對吉林省農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析和評價。在此基礎(chǔ)上對吉林省及各地區(qū)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的相對比較優(yōu)勢和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)性分析,最后提出了根據(jù)比較優(yōu)勢進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品區(qū)域布局的途徑和策略。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:首先,運(yùn)用綜合比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)法研究了吉林省農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的規(guī)模比較優(yōu)勢、效率比較優(yōu)勢和效益比較優(yōu)勢,研究結(jié)果表明,吉林省種植業(yè)中玉米、大豆和烤煙具有綜合比較優(yōu)勢,水稻、油料、糖料、蔬菜和水果具有綜合比較劣勢,畜牧業(yè)中牛肉和禽肉生產(chǎn)具有綜合比較優(yōu)勢,豬肉、羊肉和牛奶生產(chǎn)具有綜合比較劣勢。同遼寧、黑龍江和內(nèi)蒙古相比,吉林省油料作物、糖料作物、蔬菜、水果生產(chǎn)綜合比較優(yōu)勢具有一定差距;牛肉生產(chǎn)比較優(yōu)勢顯著,牛奶和羊肉生產(chǎn)劣勢明顯。其次,根據(jù)吉林省行政區(qū)劃,將吉林省分為中部長春市、吉林市、四平市、遼源市,東部通化市、延邊州、白山市,西部松原市和白城市。對各地區(qū)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品比較優(yōu)勢測算的結(jié)果表明,水稻生產(chǎn)具有綜合比較優(yōu)勢的地區(qū)包括吉林市、白城市和通化市,玉米生產(chǎn)優(yōu)勢地區(qū)為中部地區(qū),大豆生產(chǎn)優(yōu)勢地區(qū)為東部的延邊州和白山市以及中部的吉林市,油料作物優(yōu)勢地區(qū)為西部地區(qū),糖料作物優(yōu)勢地區(qū)為松原、白城和延邊州,煙葉生產(chǎn)優(yōu)勢地區(qū)為東部地區(qū),蔬菜生產(chǎn)中部地區(qū)優(yōu)勢較為明顯,水果生產(chǎn)具有綜合比較優(yōu)勢的地區(qū)為吉林市、白城市、通化市和白山市。畜產(chǎn)品中,中部生豬和家禽生產(chǎn)具有綜合比較優(yōu)勢,東部肉牛生產(chǎn)具有優(yōu)勢,西部肉羊和牛奶生產(chǎn)具有優(yōu)勢。再次,對吉林省農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的研究表明,吉林省農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)值結(jié)構(gòu)中種植業(yè)比重和畜牧業(yè)平分秋色,種植業(yè)比重略高于畜牧業(yè),林業(yè)和漁業(yè)比重低;從就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)來看,吉林省農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力就業(yè)比重較高,但對地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值的貢獻(xiàn)率和拉動率較低;種植業(yè)產(chǎn)品中經(jīng)濟(jì)作物種植比重低;畜產(chǎn)品中豬肉、禽肉比重高,牛肉、羊肉、牛奶比重低。農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)存在產(chǎn)值結(jié)構(gòu)和就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不協(xié)調(diào)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、產(chǎn)品地區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)和優(yōu)勢地區(qū)分布不一致等問題。通過計量經(jīng)濟(jì)模型VAR模型對吉林省農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行定量分析,結(jié)果表明畜牧業(yè)對農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的貢獻(xiàn)超過了種植業(yè),對種植業(yè)也有較強(qiáng)的帶動作用,且畜牧業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)具有持續(xù)性。運(yùn)用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析法評價了吉林省農(nóng)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)果表明畜產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量與農(nóng)林牧漁總產(chǎn)值的關(guān)聯(lián)度較高。第四,建立相對比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)和專業(yè)化系數(shù)的分析框架,對吉林省農(nóng)產(chǎn)品相對比較優(yōu)勢和結(jié)構(gòu)的協(xié)調(diào)性進(jìn)行研究。相對比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)和專業(yè)化系數(shù)都大于1的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品包括水稻、玉米、牛肉,其中玉米專業(yè)化系數(shù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于相對比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù),種植比重偏高;相對比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)和專業(yè)化系數(shù)都小于1的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品包括油料、糖料、蔬菜、水果、羊肉、牛奶;相對比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)大于1而專業(yè)化系數(shù)小于1的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品包括大豆、烤煙、禽肉;豬肉生產(chǎn)相對比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)小于1而專業(yè)化系數(shù)大于1。從相對比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)和專業(yè)化系數(shù)協(xié)調(diào)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的比例看,各地區(qū)比例低于全省�？偨Y(jié)了吉林省農(nóng)產(chǎn)品相對比較優(yōu)勢和結(jié)構(gòu)背離的現(xiàn)象并分析了原因。最后,根據(jù)以上的研究,提出了吉林省農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的路徑和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品區(qū)域布局的策略。結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)品是玉米、大豆、烤煙、豬肉、牛肉,增加優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn),縮減劣勢產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn),同時要提高農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)出能力和效率,發(fā)展集約經(jīng)營。根據(jù)各地區(qū)比較優(yōu)勢的不同進(jìn)行農(nóng)產(chǎn)品區(qū)域布局。
[Abstract]:With the development of agriculture and rural economy, some deep-seated contradictions and problems gradually. Agricultural production costs continue to increase, farmers could not increase their income, agricultural products supply and demand imbalance, the stock of domestic agricultural products increased at the same time the influx of imported agricultural products market. China made an important reason for this phenomenon lies in agricultural products the production structure is not reasonable, can not fit the change of market demand; from agricultural production structure and the comparative advantage of agriculture, irrational allocation of resources, low efficiency of agricultural production. The way of solving the problem is to adjust and optimize the agricultural industrial structure, product structure, regional structure; optimize allocation of agricultural resources, will focus on the limited resources to advantage products and industries; around the market demand for production, improve the quality of agricultural products, ensure product safety, enhance the competitiveness of agriculture. At present, the concern of the agriculture. The adjustment in essence is the basis to ensure the adequate number of agricultural products, improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system of agricultural production, the real needs of consumer products, the formation of effective supply system of agricultural products. This paper studies the reasonable structure of agricultural products in Jilin province and 9 regions (mainly farming and livestock products) integrated comparative advantage, advantage of main agricultural products in Jilin province with the geographical location near, similar resources in Heilongjiang Province, Liaoning province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were analyzed, and the analysis and evaluation of Jilin province agriculture industrial structure and product structure. On the basis of comparative advantage and the structure of agricultural products in Jilin province and in the area the coordination analysis, finally puts forward the ways and strategies according to the comparative advantage of the adjustment of agricultural structure and regional distribution of agricultural products. The main research contents and conclusions Are as follows: firstly, the index method of agricultural products in Jilin province using the comprehensive comparative advantage of the comparative advantage of scale, efficiency and benefit of the comparative advantage of comparative advantage, the results of the study show that corn planting in Jilin Province, has a comparative advantage in soybean and tobacco, rice, oil, sugar, vegetable and fruit has a comparative disadvantage, beef production poultry and animal husbandry has a comparative advantage, pork, mutton and milk production has a comparative disadvantage. With Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia in Jilin Province, oil crops, sugar crops, vegetables, fruit production has certain advantages compared with gap; the comparative advantage of beef production significantly, milk and mutton production disadvantage. Secondly, according to the the administrative division of Jilin Province, Jilin province can be divided into Changchun central city, Jilin City, Siping City, Liaoyuan City, Tonghua City, the eastern part of Yanbian, Baishan City, Baicheng and the western city of Songyuan City. Based on the comparative advantages of agricultural products in various regions. The results showed that rice production has a comparative advantage in areas such as Jilin City, Baicheng city and Tonghua City, corn production area advantage for the central region, soybean production area for the advantage of the eastern state of Yanbian and Baishan City and the central city of Jilin, oil crops advantageous area for the western region sugar crops, advantage regions of Songyuan, Baicheng and Yanbian, tobacco production area advantage for the eastern region, the central region of vegetable production has obvious advantages, fruit production has a comparative advantage in Jilin City, Baicheng City, Tonghua city and Baishan City. In the middle of animal products, pig and poultry production has a comparative advantage, Eastern beef production has the advantage of Western sheep and milk production advantages. Thirdly, study on agricultural structure of Jilin Province, planting structure of agricultural output in Jilin Province Industry and animal husbandry shares, planting ratio is slightly higher than that of animal husbandry, forestry and fishery is low; from the employment structure, higher employment proportion of agricultural labor force in Jilin Province, but the GDP contribution rate and pulling rate is low; economic crop planting industry products in the low proportion of livestock products; pork, poultry a high proportion of beef, mutton, milk, low proportion of agricultural structure. The industrial structure and employment structure is not harmonious, unreasonable product structure, product structure and regional distribution of area advantage is not consistent. Through the econometric model of VAR quantitative analysis of agricultural structure in Jilin province. The results showed that the animal husbandry contribution to the total output value of agriculture more than planting, also have a strong leading role of farming, animal husbandry and the contribution is continued. By using grey correlation analysis method to evaluate the Jilin Province agricultural product structure, result table The output of livestock products and the gross output value of high correlation. Fourth, analysis on establishing the framework of relative comparative advantage index and specialization coefficient, to study the coordination of agricultural products in Jilin province comparative advantage and structure. The relative comparative advantage index and specialization coefficient greater than 1 of the agricultural products include rice, corn, beef, which is much higher than that of maize specialization coefficient relative comparative advantage index, planting proportion is high; the relative comparative advantage index and specialization coefficient is less than 1 of the agricultural products include oil, sugar, vegetable, fruit, meat, milk; comparative advantage index greater than 1 and the specialization coefficient is less than 1 of agricultural products including soybean, tobacco poultry meat, pork production; comparative advantage index is less than 1 and the professional factor greater than 1. from the relative comparative advantage index and specialization coefficient of coordination of agricultural products the proportion of each area, the low proportion of In the whole province. Summarizes the agricultural products in Jilin province is relatively deviated from the advantages and structure of the phenomenon and reasons are analyzed. Finally, according to the above research, put forward the optimization of agricultural structure in Jilin province and the path of regional distribution of agricultural products. The key strategy of product structure adjustment is the corn, soybean, tobacco, pork, beef, add advantage the production of products, reduce the production of inferior products, and to improve the ability and efficiency of agricultural production, intensive management development. According to the comparative advantages of different regions of different regional distribution of agricultural products.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F327
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本文編號：1635890