發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-19 20:10

  本文選題：容量比較法　切入點(diǎn)：船舶橫傾　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：船舶艙容計(jì)量檢定是船舶裝載量計(jì)算的主要依據(jù)。當(dāng)前國家計(jì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的計(jì)量不確定度為不大于0.3%，但這樣的計(jì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)越來越滯后于市場(chǎng)對(duì)于計(jì)量精確度提高的要求。而容量比較法在船舶處于正浮時(shí)的艙容計(jì)量精度要比目前常用的幾何測(cè)量法具有更高的計(jì)量精確度。但容量比較法的測(cè)量效率相對(duì)較低，而且其精確度較高的前提是船舶處于正浮狀態(tài)，而在實(shí)際的艙容計(jì)量中，船舶經(jīng)常處于傾斜狀態(tài)，為了使容量比較法在艙容計(jì)量方面發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的優(yōu)勢(shì)，本文在分析國內(nèi)外艙容計(jì)算方法的基礎(chǔ)上，從提高容量比較法的測(cè)量效率和對(duì)船舶處于傾斜時(shí)的艙容計(jì)量修正進(jìn)行了研究，給出了相應(yīng)的修正方法。 為了提高容量比較法的測(cè)量效率，本文提出了改進(jìn)的容量比較法。改進(jìn)的容量比較法不需要測(cè)量連續(xù)兩次未知體積注水時(shí)，前一次未知體積注水后的艙內(nèi)液高，而是通過兩次標(biāo)準(zhǔn)注水之間的艙內(nèi)液體體積差，近似得求出船舶在若干液高處的艙內(nèi)液面水線面面積，然后通過樣條插值的方法，求得艙室的水線面面積曲線，然后通過數(shù)值積分的方法求得相應(yīng)艙室的艙容曲線。 為了對(duì)容量比較法在船舶處于傾斜時(shí)的艙容計(jì)量進(jìn)行修正，將艙室計(jì)量修正分為已知艙室理論型值和未知理論艙室型值兩種情況。對(duì)于已知艙室理論型值的情況，假定實(shí)際艙室與理論艙室具有相同的修正比，，然后結(jié)合用容量比較法測(cè)得的正浮艙容表對(duì)實(shí)際艙室的艙容計(jì)量進(jìn)行傾斜修正。對(duì)于未知理論艙室型值的情況，根據(jù)常見的艙室形狀將船舶艙室分為規(guī)則艙、半規(guī)則艙和不規(guī)則艙三類，然后分別對(duì)各個(gè)艙型在測(cè)得若干艙室特征值的情況下，結(jié)合由容量比較法獲得的正浮艙容表，反求出實(shí)際艙室的形狀，最后在反求出的艙室形狀的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)船舶處于傾斜狀態(tài)下的艙容計(jì)量進(jìn)行相應(yīng)修正。 本文通過相應(yīng)的計(jì)算實(shí)例證明改進(jìn)的容量比較法及容量比較法在船舶處于傾斜時(shí)的艙容計(jì)量修正方法的計(jì)算精度均滿足計(jì)量檢定規(guī)程的不確定度要求，這樣容量比較法測(cè)量效率較低及較難進(jìn)行傾斜修正的問題就得到了解決，這對(duì)實(shí)際的艙容計(jì)量具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:The measurement and verification of ship's cabin capacity is the main basis for the calculation of ship's loading capacity. At present, the uncertainty of measurement stipulated in the national standard of measurement is not greater than 0.3, but such standard of measurement has lagged behind the market in raising the accuracy of measurement more and more. The accuracy of capacity measurement is higher than that of the geometric method, but the efficiency of the capacity comparison method is relatively low. And the premise of its high accuracy is that the ship is in a positive floating state, but in the actual tank volume measurement, the ship is often inclined. In order to make the capacity comparison method play its due advantage in the tank capacity measurement, Based on the analysis of the calculation methods of cabin capacity at home and abroad, this paper studies on improving the measuring efficiency of the capacity comparison method and the correction of the tank volume measurement when the ship is inclined, and gives the corresponding correction method. In order to improve the measuring efficiency of the capacity comparison method, an improved capacity comparison method is proposed in this paper. The improved capacity comparison method does not need to measure the liquid height of the tank after the previous water injection with the unknown volume. Instead, by using the volume difference of liquid in the tank between two standard water injections, the waterline area of the tank surface of the ship at a number of liquid heights is approximately calculated, and then the waterline surface area curve of the cabin is obtained by spline interpolation method. Then the cabin capacity curve of the corresponding compartment is obtained by numerical integration method. In order to modify the capacity measurement of the ship when the ship is inclined, the cabin metering correction is divided into two cases: the known theoretical value of the compartment and the unknown value of the theoretical type of the compartment. For the case of the known value of the theoretical type of the compartment, Assuming that the actual compartments and theoretical compartments have the same modified ratio, and then, in combination with the upright floatation volume meter measured by the capacity comparison method, an inclined correction of the actual compartments' tank volume metering. For cases where the theoretical compartment type is unknown, According to the common cabin shape, the ship's cabin is divided into three categories: regular cabin, semi-regular cabin and irregular cabin, and then, for each cabin, under the condition that the characteristic values of several compartments are measured respectively, combined with the capacity comparison method, the floatation tank capacity table is obtained. The shape of the actual compartment is obtained by inverse calculation. Finally, the tank capacity measurement of the ship in the sloping state is corrected on the basis of the reverse calculation of the shape of the compartment. This paper proves that the accuracy of the improved capacity comparison method and the capacity comparison method when the ship is tilted meets the uncertainty requirement of the metering verification regulation. In this way, the problems of low efficiency and difficult to be corrected by the capacity comparison method have been solved, which is of great practical significance to the actual tank capacity measurement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U662.2;U663.8

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本文編號(hào)：1635806