本文選題：番茄　切入點(diǎn)：遺傳規(guī)律　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)是一種大眾性的果蔬品種,被列入產(chǎn)量最高的30種農(nóng)業(yè)栽培物種,產(chǎn)量?jī)H次于馬鈴薯。番茄營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值極高,具有預(yù)防心腦血管疾病、預(yù)防胃病、調(diào)節(jié)抗擊癌癥、減緩衰老有很好的功效。在目前蔬菜大市場(chǎng)大流通以及現(xiàn)代化機(jī)械收獲的趨勢(shì)下,番茄果實(shí)硬度成為番茄收獲以及運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中影響番茄品質(zhì)的重要因素,在收獲及運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中番茄極易損耗,從而導(dǎo)致番茄產(chǎn)品霉菌污染指數(shù)提高,貯存時(shí)間短,使成本增加,降低了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。因此一個(gè)優(yōu)良的番茄品種,不僅要有良好的商品性,而且要有較高的硬度及耐貯運(yùn)性。解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法目前有三種:(1)提早采收;(2)改善運(yùn)輸設(shè)備;(3)種植耐儲(chǔ)運(yùn)的番茄品種。前兩種方法不是降低了番茄的風(fēng)味品質(zhì)就是增加了運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中的運(yùn)輸成本,只有第三種是最經(jīng)濟(jì)做有效的一種方法,既保持了番茄的原有風(fēng)味又有提高了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,因此高硬度番茄品種的培育就顯得尤為重要。本實(shí)驗(yàn)利用兩種硬度差異較大番茄品種14803與14630作為母本與父本,構(gòu)建六個(gè)世代臨時(shí)研究群體,并對(duì)六個(gè)時(shí)代群體果實(shí)的硬度以及與果實(shí)硬度相關(guān)的性狀進(jìn)行調(diào)查,研究了果實(shí)硬度與多個(gè)性狀間的相關(guān)性以及番茄果實(shí)硬度的遺傳規(guī)律,同時(shí)利用分子標(biāo)記技術(shù)構(gòu)建該群體的遺傳連鎖圖譜,結(jié)合田間性狀統(tǒng)計(jì)與遺傳連鎖圖譜進(jìn)行QTL定位分析,以期為加速高硬度番茄品種的選育、篩選高硬度番茄種質(zhì)資源材料以及耐儲(chǔ)運(yùn)品種的鑒定奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。得到結(jié)果如下:(1)除心室數(shù)外,單果重、橫徑、縱徑、果形指數(shù)、果肉厚、固形物、硬度、果肉硬、粘度等性狀均呈連續(xù)性變化,呈正態(tài)分布,偏斜度及峰度值都小于1且接近零,符合典型數(shù)量遺傳特征。(2)果肉硬度、可溶性固形物、果形指數(shù)、果肉厚、縱徑與果實(shí)硬度呈正相關(guān),心室數(shù)、粘度、橫徑、單果重與果實(shí)硬度呈負(fù)相關(guān),且表型相關(guān)和遺傳相關(guān)基本一致,其中果肉硬度、可溶性固形物對(duì)番茄果實(shí)硬度貢獻(xiàn)達(dá)到極顯著正效應(yīng),心室數(shù)、粘度對(duì)番茄果實(shí)達(dá)到極顯著負(fù)效應(yīng)。(3)番茄果實(shí)硬度的模型為一對(duì)加.性-顯.性主基因+加.性-顯.性-上位多基.因混合.遺傳模型,番茄果實(shí)硬度的主基因加性效應(yīng)為17.1468,顯性效應(yīng)為0.8731,顯性度為0.0509,主基因在BC1,BC2,F2中的遺傳力分別為1.64%、1.45%、0.88%,多基因在BC1,BC2,F2中的遺傳力分別為26.75%、69.05%、60.98%。主基因+多基因在BC1,BC2,F2中遺傳率分別為28.39%、70.50%、61.86%。(4)使用QTL ICIMapping,構(gòu)建包含3個(gè)連鎖群、19個(gè)標(biāo)記、全長(zhǎng)260.11c M的一張遺傳連鎖圖譜,標(biāo)記間平均距離為13.69c M。(5)使用QTL IciMapping,運(yùn)用完備區(qū)間作圖法對(duì)群體進(jìn)行QTL分析,共檢驗(yàn)出21個(gè)QTLs。其中檢測(cè)到控制單果重的QTL位點(diǎn)有3個(gè);控制橫徑的QTL位點(diǎn)有3個(gè);控制縱徑的QTL位點(diǎn)1個(gè);控制番茄果形指數(shù)的QTL位點(diǎn)1個(gè);控制番茄果肉厚度的QTL位點(diǎn)2個(gè);控制番茄可溶性固形物含量的QTL有3個(gè);控制番茄果實(shí)硬度的QTL位點(diǎn)2個(gè);控制果肉硬度的QTL位點(diǎn)4個(gè);控制番茄果實(shí)粘度的QTL位點(diǎn)2個(gè)。
[Abstract]:Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is a kind of fruit and vegetable varieties, was included in the 30 kinds of agricultural cultivation species the highest yield, yield to potatoes. Tomato has high nutritional value, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, prevention of stomach, regulating the fight against cancer, slow aging have very good effect. In the current trend of vegetable market circulation and the modern mechanical harvest, fruit firmness of tomato has become an important factor affecting the quality of tomato the tomato harvesting and transport process, tomato at harvest and transport easily in the process of loss, resulting in tomato products contamination index increased, the storage time is short, the cost increase, reduce the economic benefit. Therefore an excellent tomato varieties not only have the goods, good, and have high hardness and good storage. There are three kinds of current methods to solve this problem: (1) early harvest; (2) change Good transportation equipment; (3) tomato varieties resistant to storage and transportation. The first two methods is not reduced tomato flavor quality is increased in the process of transportation and transportation costs, only third is an effective method of the economic, not only keep the original flavor of tomato and increase the economic benefit, so cultivating high hardness of tomato varieties is particularly important. This experiment using two kinds of hardness difference between 14803 and 14630 tomato varieties as female parent and male parent, build six generations of temporary research groups, and conducted a survey of six age groups of fruit firmness and fruit firmness of related traits, study the correlation between fruit hardness and personality the shape and genetic regularity of tomato fruit firmness, genetic linkage map using molecular marker technology and construction of the group, with statistical field traits and genetic linkage maps for QTL positioning The analysis, in order to accelerate the breeding of tomato varieties with high hardness, high hardness and lay a theoretical foundation for screening of Tomato Germplasm Resources and identification of resistant varieties and materials. The results are as follows: (1) in addition to ventricular number, weight, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, fruit shape index, fruit flesh thickness, solids, hardness. The flesh hard, viscosity traits showed a continuous variation, normal distribution, skewness and kurtosis values are less than 1 and close to zero, with the number of typical genetic characteristics. (2) the fruit hardness, soluble solids, fruit shape index, fruit flesh thickness, longitudinal diameter was correlated with the hardness of fruit ventricular number. Viscosity, diameter, fruit weight was negatively correlated with fruit firmness, and phenotypic and genetic correlations are basically the same, the fruit hardness, soluble solids of tomato fruit firmness with extremely significant positive effect, ventricular number, viscosity to a significant negative effect on tomato fruit. Start (3) the fruit hardness of tomato mould 鍨嬩負(fù)涓，

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