本文選題：中國對日本出口　切入點：隱含碳　出處：《東北財經大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：全球經濟一體化的發(fā)展使得國際貿易對環(huán)境的影響日趨顯著,國際社會對氣候變化越來越重視,減緩溫室氣體的排放已經成為各國的共識。加入WTO之后,中國經濟迅速發(fā)展,能源消費和污染排放也迅速增加,尤其是碳排放的增加,這使得中國在國際社會上面臨巨大的壓力。中國作為貿易大國,其碳排放的急劇增長很大一部分是為滿足發(fā)達國家的生產和生活消費而排放的,通過國際貿易消費者可以將與其消費有關的環(huán)境污染轉移到其他國家,從而使得像中國這樣的出口大國承擔了本應由進口國承擔的碳排放,通過國際貿易,中國替其他國家轉移了相當可觀的碳排放。本文選擇日本作為研究對象,依據(jù)投入產出原理,對2002-2012年間中國對日本出口貿易中的隱含碳排放進行了系統(tǒng)研究,本文的研究方法對于研究中國與其他貿易伙伴國貿易隱含碳問題也具有適用性。本文將中國對日本出口隱含碳排放分析分為五個部分,從不同方面對中國對日本出口隱含碳排放問題進行了研究分析。本文的第一部分為緒論,介紹了本文選題的背景、研究意義、國內外學者就貿易隱含碳排放相關問題的研究現(xiàn)狀、本文的結構框架、研究方法以及創(chuàng)新和不足。第二部分為理論基礎,具體包括對進出口隱含碳排放相關的外部性理論和庇古稅理論進行分析和闡述。第三部分為本文的重點章節(jié),根據(jù)之前學者的研究,服務貿易所產生的隱含碳排放量有限,因此本文對中日服務貿易中的隱含碳排放不再做研究,僅研究中國對日本貨物出口貿易中的隱含碳排放。由于中國投入產出表和中國能源統(tǒng)計年鑒中對行業(yè)的劃分具有較好的一致性,本文據(jù)此將中國對日本出口貿易劃分為18個行業(yè),并對UN Comtrade數(shù)據(jù)庫中2002-2012年中日分行業(yè)貿易數(shù)據(jù)進行了行業(yè)整合,結合中國統(tǒng)計年鑒中的2002、2007和2012年投入產出表,2005和2010年投入產出延長表,利用投入產出模型對2002年到2012年中國對日本出口隱含碳排放量進行了測算,得到了研究區(qū)間內各年份整體和18個細分行業(yè)出口隱含碳排放量,測算結果表明,研究期間內日本通過從中國進口商品,向中國轉移了大量碳排放。同時對研究期間內不同年份和各行業(yè)的出口隱含碳排放量進行了比較和分析,得到了研究期間內各年份出口隱含碳的整體變化趨勢,同時對不同行業(yè)隱含碳排放進行了比較,并根據(jù)測算結果將各細分行業(yè)分為了高、中、低碳排行業(yè)。在第四部分,本文利用基于投入產出模型的結構分解分析法對2002年到2012年中國對日本出口隱含碳排放的影響因素進行分析,得到了碳排強度、生產結構、出口結構和出口規(guī)模四個因素對隱含碳排放量的變化產生的影響。結果表明,中國對日本出口隱含碳排放的變化主要取決于碳排強度和出口規(guī)模的共同作用,其中碳排強度對出口隱含碳排放變化的影響表現(xiàn)為負效應,出口規(guī)模對出口隱含碳排放變化的影響表現(xiàn)為正效應。本文進而通過具體分析這四個影響因素在不同時間跨度內對不同行業(yè)出口隱含碳排放量的影響,分別得出了四個因素對各行業(yè)在不同時間跨度內的影響作用,有助于后文得出合理應對和減少出口隱含碳排放的措施和方案。本文第五部分對第三、四部分研究內容進行了總結,根據(jù)中國對日本出口隱含碳在研究區(qū)間內各年份的排放量和影響排放量變化因素的分析結果,給出具體的政策建議:第一,可以鼓勵和支持傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)企業(yè)加大研發(fā)投入,積極創(chuàng)新,提升制造業(yè)生產技術水平,從而提升能源利用率以減少單位產量的隱含碳排放量;第二,優(yōu)化制造業(yè)出口結構,從影響因素分析結果來看,貿易結構的變化給制造業(yè)各行業(yè)既產生了正效應也產生了負效應,因此,減少高碳排、高能耗產品的出口比重有望減少中國對日本整體出口隱含碳排放;第三,借鑒發(fā)達國家減排經驗,加強國際交流合作,學習日本在節(jié)能減排上的經驗、積極引進CDM項目都是可行之策。第四、積極參與國際氣候談判,堅持共同但有區(qū)別的責任原則,作為出口大國,中國通過出口貿易替日本等發(fā)達國家轉移了大量的隱含碳排放,在國際氣候談判中中國應堅持共同但有區(qū)別的原則,以減緩中國在國際社會上的減排壓力。
[Abstract]:The development of global economic integration makes the influence of international trade on the environment is more and more obvious, the international community more and more attention to climate change, greenhouse gas emissions has become the consensus of all countries. After joining WTO, China rapid economic development, energy consumption and pollution emissions also increased rapidly, especially the increase of carbon emissions, which makes China face the huge pressure in the international society. China as a trading power, the rapid growth of carbon emissions is a large part of the emissions to meet production and consumption in developed countries, through the international trade and consumption of consumers can be related to environmental pollution transfer to other countries, so as China such exporters bear the by importing countries bear the carbon emissions through international trade, Chinese for other countries to transfer considerable carbon emissions. This paper chose Japan as The object of study, based on input-output principle, for 2002-2012 years China of Japanese export trade in carbon emissions were studied. The research method is also applicable for the study of China and other trading partners of Embodied Carbon problem. This paper will Chinese exports to Japan carbon emission analysis is divided into five parts, from different aspects of the research and analysis of Chinese carbon emissions embodied in exports to Japan issues. The first part of this paper is the introduction, introduces the background, research significance, domestic and foreign scholars on the research status of carbon emissions embodied in trade related issues, the framework of this paper, research methods and innovations and shortcomings. The second part is the theory the foundation, including the import and export of embodied carbon emissions related to the externality theory and Pigou tax theory is described and analyzed. The third part is the focus of this chapter, According to previous research, service trade of embodied carbon emissions is limited, so the carbon emissions on the day of service trade no longer do research, only on carbon emissions embodied in China of Japanese goods in the export trade. Due to the classification of industry Chinese input output table and Chinese energy statistical yearbook is consistent well, this paper will Chinese export trade to Japan is divided into 18 sectors, and the UN Comtrade database in 2002-2012 years on trade data of industry integration, combined with Chinese Statistical Yearbook in 20022007 and 2012 input-output table of 2005 and 2010 input-output table extension, using input-output model on 2002 by 2012 Chinese embodied carbon emissions of Japan's exports were estimated by the year of the interval overall and 18 sub sectors of export Embodied Carbon emissions, The results show that during the study period in Japan from China imported goods, to Chinese transfer of a large number of carbon emissions. At the same time in different years during the study period and the industry's export of embodied carbon emissions were compared and analyzed, the study period each year the overall change trend of export of embodied carbon in different industries, at the same time implied carbon emissions are compared, and the various industry segments in the high, according to the calculation results in low carbon industries. In the fourth part, this paper uses the decomposition analysis method to the influence of 2012 China carbon emissions embodied in exports to Japan in 2002 were used to analyze the factors structure based on input-output model, the carbon intensity of production structure changes of export structure and export scale of four factors on the embodied carbon emissions. The results show that the change of Chinese carbon emissions embodied in exports to Japan mainly depends on The interaction of carbon emission intensity and export scale, the carbon emission intensity effect of implicit change of carbon emission shows a negative effect on exports, export scale on the export effect of implicit carbon emissions change has a positive effect. This paper through the specific analysis of the four factors in different time span on the export of Embodied Carbon in different industries emissions were obtained, four factors influence on various industries in different time span, there are measures and solutions to the reasonably deal with and reduce export of Embodied Carbon emission. The fifth part summarizes the study content of the third, fourth part, according to the analysis results China Embodied Carbon in the research range of the year of emissions and emissions impact factors of exports to Japan, given the specific policy recommendations: first, to encourage and support the traditional manufacturing enterprises to increase R & D 鎶曞叆,縐瀬鍒涙柊,鎻愬崌鍒墮，

本文編號：1573362