本文關鍵詞： 光伏發(fā)電 混合儲能 低通濾波 反饋調節(jié) 能量控制　出處：《華北電力大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會的進步和經濟的發(fā)展,人類面臨越來越多的資源緊缺與環(huán)境污染問題。光伏發(fā)電是解決當今社會能源危機與環(huán)境危機的重要途徑。光伏功率的隨機性、波動性和間歇性對電網的安全、穩(wěn)定運行帶來了嚴重威脅。采用蓄電池與超級電容器混合儲能的方式平抑光伏功率波動,克服了蓄電池壽命低,充放電效率差和超級電容器能量存儲能力弱的缺點,對穩(wěn)定光伏系統(tǒng)的輸出,以及光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的并網、運行具有重要的意義。因此,本文利用蓄電池與超級電容器混合儲能的方式,接入光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)平抑光伏功率,并提出能量控制方法。為研究蓄電池與超級電容器混合儲能的控制策略,采用三階段充電方法對蓄電池充電特性進行實驗研究,實驗結果表明蓄電池在受極化效應影響下,恒流充電最高僅可充至60.97%。采用MATLAB/simulink仿真研究超級電容器充放電特性,仿真結果表明超級電容器不存在極化效應,其容量幾乎可以完全利用。分析蓄電池、超級電容器單一儲能方式與混合儲能的優(yōu)缺點,混合儲能具有明顯優(yōu)勢。根據長期光伏發(fā)電統(tǒng)計數據,提出了蓄電池與超級電容器的容量配置方案。采用混合儲能在直流側接入光伏系統(tǒng)的方式,提出了基于低通濾波的蓄電池、超級電容器分別平抑低頻、高頻功率波動控制算法及蓄電池與超級電容器協調控制方式;考慮蓄電池極化效應對其充電特性的影響,提出了基于蓄電池SOC反饋調節(jié)充放電濾波時間常數的控制算法,使蓄電池在較高與較低SOC時適當減少或增加出力,保證蓄電池更多地處于恒流充電狀態(tài)即功率可控狀態(tài),延長蓄電池使用壽命。搭建光儲聯合發(fā)電系統(tǒng)實驗平臺對所提控制策略進行實驗驗證。結果表明,儲能側,蓄電池與超級電容器可分別以不同的控制周期平滑光伏功率波動,同時,當蓄電池SOC過高時,根據SOC反饋調節(jié)蓄電池濾波時間常數,可有效限制蓄電池出力,防止蓄電池過充;光伏側,當光伏功率升高或突降時,混合儲能可很好地補償光伏功率缺額,對平抑光伏功率波動有顯著作用。實驗結果驗證了本文所提控制策略的可行性。最后提出了光儲聯合發(fā)電系統(tǒng)能量控制方法,在以光伏發(fā)電、蓄電池、可控負荷、日常負荷及緊急備用電源柴油發(fā)電機組成的孤立系統(tǒng)中,能量控制方法根據光伏功率預測數據,制定系統(tǒng)中各組成部分的發(fā)電計劃和用電計劃,對光伏功率削峰填谷,保證系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定、經濟地運行。算例分析驗證了所提能量控制方法的正確性、可行性和經濟性。
[Abstract]:With the progress of society and the development of economy, people are facing more and more problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution. Photovoltaic power generation is an important way to solve the energy crisis and environmental crisis. Volatility and intermittency pose a serious threat to the safety and stability of the power grid. The hybrid energy storage of batteries and supercapacitors is used to suppress the fluctuation of photovoltaic power and overcome the low battery life. The shortcomings of low efficiency of charge and discharge and weak energy storage capacity of supercapacitors are of great significance for stabilizing the output of photovoltaic system and grid connection of photovoltaic system. In this paper, the hybrid energy storage system of battery and supercapacitor is used to stabilize the photovoltaic power, and the energy control method is proposed to study the control strategy of the hybrid storage energy between battery and supercapacitor. The three-stage charging method is used to study the charging characteristics of the battery. The experimental results show that under the influence of polarization effect, the constant current charge can only be charged to 60.97. MATLAB/simulink simulation is used to study the charge-discharge characteristics of supercapacitors. The simulation results show that the supercapacitor has no polarization effect, and its capacity can almost be fully utilized. The advantages and disadvantages of storage battery, supercapacitor single energy storage mode and hybrid energy storage are analyzed. The hybrid energy storage has obvious advantages. According to the statistics of long-term photovoltaic power generation, the capacity configuration scheme of battery and supercapacitor is proposed. The hybrid energy storage energy is connected to the photovoltaic system at the DC side. A low pass filter based control algorithm for low frequency and high frequency power fluctuation of the supercapacitor and a coordinated control method between the battery and the supercapacitor are proposed, and the effect of the polarization effect of the battery on its charging characteristics is considered. This paper presents a control algorithm based on the feedback regulation of charge and discharge filter time constant of battery SOC, which can reduce or increase the output force of battery at higher and lower SOC, and ensure that the battery is in constant current charging state, that is, power controllable state. The experimental results show that the storage battery and the supercapacitor can smooth the photovoltaic power fluctuation with different control periods, and the proposed control strategy is verified by building the experimental platform of the optical storage combined generation system, the results show that the storage side, the storage battery and the supercapacitor can smooth the photovoltaic power fluctuation in different control periods. At the same time, when the SOC of the battery is too high, the filter time constant of the battery can be adjusted according to the feedback of SOC, which can effectively limit the output of the battery and prevent the battery from overcharging; on the photovoltaic side, when the photovoltaic power increases or drops suddenly, Hybrid energy storage can compensate photovoltaic power deficit very well and play a significant role in suppressing the fluctuation of photovoltaic power. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the control strategy proposed in this paper. Finally, the energy control method of optical storage combined generation system is proposed. In an isolated system composed of photovoltaic power generation, storage battery, controllable load, daily load and emergency standby diesel generator, the energy control method is based on the photovoltaic power prediction data. The generation plan and power consumption plan of each component of the system are worked out to cut the peak and fill the valley of the photovoltaic power, so as to ensure the stable and economical operation of the system. An example is given to verify the correctness, feasibility and economy of the proposed energy control method.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM61

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