本文關(guān)鍵詞： 企業(yè)違規(guī)排污 誘發(fā)因素 模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià) 突發(fā)水污染事故　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的不斷深入,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展,突發(fā)環(huán)境事件的程度和頻率也在不斷增加。突發(fā)水污染作為主要的污染類(lèi)型之一,給環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的影響,究其原因眾多。國(guó)內(nèi)外眾學(xué)者對(duì)近年來(lái)突發(fā)水污染事件的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析表明,企業(yè)的違規(guī)排污正在成為誘發(fā)水污染事故突發(fā)的主要原因。針對(duì)這一新形勢(shì)開(kāi)展研究,厘清企業(yè)違規(guī)排污作為誘因的作用方式,不僅能增強(qiáng)事故發(fā)生前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)判能力,完善風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估體系;還可以通過(guò)采取更有針對(duì)性的監(jiān)察手段、建立更有力度的懲罰體系,將環(huán)境監(jiān)察動(dòng)態(tài)化,使有限的人力、物力資源得到更為高效的利用;具有學(xué)術(shù)理論意義和實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。以企業(yè)違規(guī)排污誘發(fā)突發(fā)水污染事故的案例為切入點(diǎn)。首先,通過(guò)對(duì)以砷為主要污染物的代表案例進(jìn)行分析,確定了擬考察的誘發(fā)因素為資源情況、經(jīng)濟(jì)背景、經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)、政策和自然等。然后,對(duì)具體案例進(jìn)行了數(shù)據(jù)收集與挖掘,綜合分析其誘發(fā)因素。在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用解釋結(jié)構(gòu)模型找出了個(gè)案的誘發(fā)因素中影響最大的因素。最后,通過(guò)整合具體案例信息,得出了整體概括性的分析結(jié)果,確定了影響企業(yè)違規(guī)排污的主要誘發(fā)因素為經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策�；趯�(duì)企業(yè)違規(guī)排污行為的誘發(fā)因素與以企業(yè)違規(guī)排污為起因的突發(fā)水污染事故的誘發(fā)因素是不等同的這一基本認(rèn)識(shí)。為從企業(yè)內(nèi)部有效預(yù)防和避免事故的發(fā)生,對(duì)影響企業(yè)違規(guī)排污的可控誘發(fā)因素進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步分析。發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策之所以能夠?qū)ζ髽I(yè)的違規(guī)排污行為產(chǎn)生影響,主要原因是其影響了企業(yè)實(shí)際利潤(rùn)的變化。所以從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理和環(huán)境管理有效性出發(fā),假設(shè)考察企業(yè)為基本環(huán)境友好型;根據(jù)違規(guī)企業(yè)的誘發(fā)特點(diǎn),確定了企業(yè)規(guī)模為中小型;然后對(duì)不同利潤(rùn)變化期企業(yè)的違規(guī)排污選擇進(jìn)行了分析,并采用模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法對(duì)分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行了量化。結(jié)果表明企業(yè)在利潤(rùn)激增時(shí)選擇先新建而無(wú)違規(guī)排污行為的可能性較低,選擇先生產(chǎn)時(shí)發(fā)生違規(guī)排污行為的可能性極大,在利潤(rùn)下降時(shí)企業(yè)也有極大可能選擇違規(guī)排污。結(jié)合上述分析結(jié)果,對(duì)環(huán)境監(jiān)察動(dòng)態(tài)化的實(shí)施提出了建議。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of industrialization and the rapid economic development of our country, the degree and frequency of sudden environmental events are also increasing. As one of the main pollution types, sudden water pollution has caused serious impact on the environment. The statistical analysis of sudden water pollution incidents in recent years by many scholars at home and abroad shows that the illegal discharge by enterprises is becoming the main cause of the sudden water pollution accidents. In view of this new situation, the research has been carried out. Clarifying the role of enterprises' pollution violations as an inducement can not only enhance the ability of pre-accident risk prediction and improve the risk assessment system, but also establish a more vigorous punishment system by adopting more targeted means of supervision. It is of academic theoretical significance and practical application value to make use of limited human and material resources more efficiently by dynamic environmental monitoring. Firstly, the paper takes the case of enterprises' illegal discharge to induce sudden water pollution accidents as the starting point. Through the analysis of the representative cases of arsenic as the main pollutant, it is determined that the induced factors to be investigated are resource situation, economic background, economic fluctuation, policy and nature, etc. Then, the data collection and mining of specific cases are carried out. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of the inducing factors, the author uses the explanatory structure model to find out the most influential factors in the case. Finally, by integrating the information of the specific cases, the overall analysis results are obtained. It is determined that the main inducing factors that affect the illegal discharge of pollutants in enterprises are economy and policy. The inducing factors based on the illegal discharge behavior of enterprises are not equal to those of sudden water pollution accidents caused by the illegal discharge of pollutants in enterprises. This basic understanding... in order to effectively prevent and avoid accidents from within the enterprise, This paper further analyzes the controllable inducing factors that affect the enterprises' illegal emission. It is found that the economy and policy can have an impact on the enterprise's illegal emission behavior. The main reason is that it affects the change of the actual profit of the enterprise. Therefore, starting from the economic principle and the effectiveness of environmental management, the author assumes that the enterprise is a basic environment-friendly type, and according to the induced characteristics of the offending enterprise, the enterprise scale is determined to be small and medium-sized. Then, the selection of illegal emission in different profit periods is analyzed. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to quantify the results of the analysis. The results show that it is less likely for enterprises to build new products first and not to violate the regulations when the profits surge, and the possibility of illegal emission behavior when the enterprises choose to produce first is great. It is also very possible for enterprises to choose illegal pollution discharge when profits are declining. Based on the above analysis results, some suggestions on the implementation of dynamic environmental monitoring are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X322

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