本文關(guān)鍵詞： 老年人 醫(yī)療支出 影響因素 兩部分模型　出處：《天津財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近些年來,老齡化問題呈現(xiàn)越來越嚴(yán)重的加速趨勢(shì),世界上已經(jīng)有68個(gè)國家進(jìn)入了老齡化社會(huì)的狀態(tài)。并且隨著世界人均壽命的延長(zhǎng),老年人口比率還將持續(xù)增加。中國作為世界上人口最多的國家,在2010年已經(jīng)進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)。我國的老年人口不僅規(guī)模巨大,而且發(fā)展速度很快,這就帶來了許多其他問題,其中就包括老年人的醫(yī)療問題。我國老年人的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的增長(zhǎng)速度已經(jīng)超過了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度,給國家?guī)砹溯^大負(fù)擔(dān)。另外,對(duì)于老年人個(gè)人來說,患病后的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用支出也為其會(huì)帶來不小壓力。如何解決老年人醫(yī)療費(fèi)用問題成為我國醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)的一個(gè)巨大挑戰(zhàn)。本文結(jié)合Grossmn健康資本需求理論和國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的研究結(jié)果將我國老年人的醫(yī)療消費(fèi)數(shù)據(jù)劃分為決策行為和醫(yī)療支出費(fèi)用兩方面,并提出了影響我國老年人醫(yī)療消費(fèi)的影響因素的假設(shè),然后通過描述統(tǒng)計(jì)分析了兩方面在不同人口、健康與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)特征下的分布變化,并運(yùn)用兩部分模型分別對(duì)老年人的醫(yī)療消費(fèi)決策行為和醫(yī)療支出費(fèi)用進(jìn)行了影響因素方面的研究。最終得出了以下主要結(jié)論:性別、年齡、養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、慢性病、殘疾和自評(píng)健康狀況等因素對(duì)老年人患病就醫(yī)決策有顯著影響。女性老年人患病就診概率比男性老年人低,年齡越高則就診概率越高,有養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的老人就診概率比沒有養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的老人約高2.98%,有慢性病和有殘疾都會(huì)增加老人的患病就醫(yī)概率,最后,自評(píng)健康越差的老人就診概率會(huì)越高。城鄉(xiāng)身份、居住地區(qū)、年經(jīng)濟(jì)收入、養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和自評(píng)健康狀況等因素對(duì)老年人醫(yī)療費(fèi)用支出有顯著影響。農(nóng)村老年人相比于城市老年人要少消費(fèi)0.2281個(gè)單位的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用(對(duì)數(shù)),居住在東部地區(qū)對(duì)老年人醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的支出有促進(jìn)作用,高收入組的老年人對(duì)醫(yī)療支出有顯著的正向影響,有用養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)會(huì)讓老年人平均少消費(fèi)0.3479個(gè)單位的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用(對(duì)數(shù)),而自評(píng)健康狀況一般會(huì)少減少醫(yī)療費(fèi)用支出,自評(píng)健康很不好會(huì)導(dǎo)致老年人消耗更多醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。最后,本文根據(jù)研究結(jié)果和我國的一些現(xiàn)實(shí)情況提出了一些政策建議,希望既提高老年人健康水平,又能抑制老年醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的過度增長(zhǎng)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problem of aging is becoming more and more serious, 68 countries in the world have entered the state of aging society, and with the increase of life expectancy in the world. China, as the world's most populous country, has entered an aging society in 2010. China's elderly population is not only large, but also rapid development. This has brought many other problems, including the medical problems of the elderly. The growth rate of medical costs of the elderly in China has exceeded the economic growth rate, which has brought a greater burden to the country. For the elderly. How to solve the problem of medical expenses of the elderly has become a great challenge for medical and health care in China. This paper combines Grossmn health capital demand theory. On the basis of the research results of domestic and foreign scholars, the medical consumption data of the elderly in China are divided into two aspects: decision-making behavior and medical expenditure cost. The hypothesis of influencing factors on the medical consumption of the elderly in China is put forward, and then the distribution changes of the two aspects under the characteristics of different population, health and social economy are analyzed by descriptive statistics. And using the two parts of the model respectively to the elderly medical consumption decision-making behavior and medical expenditure costs of the impact factors, and finally reached the following main conclusions: gender, age, old-age insurance, chronic diseases. Disability and self-assessment of health status have a significant impact on the elderly patients with medical decision-making. Female elderly patients are lower than the male elderly, the higher the age, the higher the probability of seeing a doctor. The elderly with old-age insurance than the elderly without pension insurance is about 2.98 higher than the elderly, there are chronic diseases and disabilities will increase the probability of illness of the elderly to seek medical treatment, finally. The worse the self-rated health, the higher the probability of seeing a doctor. Urban and rural identity, living area, annual economic income. Pension insurance and self-assessment of health status and other factors have a significant impact on medical expenses of the elderly. Compared with the elderly in urban areas, the elderly in rural areas consume 0.2281 units (logarithm) less than the elderly in urban areas. Living in the east has a positive effect on the medical expenditure of the elderly, while the elderly in the high-income group have a significant positive impact on the medical expenditure. Useful old-age insurance will make the elderly consume an average of 0.3479 units of medical expenses (logarithm), while self-assessment of health status will generally reduce the cost of medical expenses. Self-assessment of poor health will lead to the elderly consume more medical expenses. Finally, according to the results of the study and some of the actual situation in China, this paper puts forward some policy recommendations, hoping to improve the health level of the elderly. It can also restrain the excessive growth of medical expenses for the elderly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R195;C913.6

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