本文關(guān)鍵詞：苕溪入湖口地區(qū)污染物分區(qū)控制方案研究　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 太湖 苕溪 SWAT模型 最佳管理措施 分區(qū)控制

【摘要】：太湖水體富營養(yǎng)化問題一直備受關(guān)注。苕溪是南太湖的主要入湖河流。本文根據(jù)苕溪入湖口的污染普查資料、土地利用方式和水質(zhì)監(jiān)測資料,核實計算得到研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的污染物排放量。采用數(shù)學(xué)統(tǒng)計分析方法,結(jié)合地理信息系統(tǒng)(Geographical Information System,GIS)和流域分布式水文模型—土壤水體評價模型(Soil and Water Assessment Too 1,SWAT)模型,對研究區(qū)域污染負(fù)荷進(jìn)行源結(jié)構(gòu)解析和研究分區(qū)劃分,并進(jìn)行流域最佳控制措施(Best Management Practices,BMPs)研究,為苕溪流域水污染控制方案的制定提供理論支撐。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)根據(jù)2011-2014年污染普查數(shù)據(jù),核實計算得到研究區(qū)域工業(yè)企業(yè)、城鎮(zhèn)生活、農(nóng)田徑流、畜禽養(yǎng)殖、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖和農(nóng)村生活等污染源的COD、氨氮、總氮、總磷排放量,采用逢雨必測的方式監(jiān)測得到大氣氮沉降數(shù)據(jù)。結(jié)果顯示,苕溪入湖口區(qū)域各污染物的年總排放量分別為:COD 11655.79t/a、氨氮1944.21t/a、總氮3543.60t/a、總磷407.62t/a。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展區(qū)的污染物主要來源為城鎮(zhèn)生活,單位面積排放量最高;水源敏感區(qū)的污染物單位面積排放量最低;入湖保護(hù)區(qū)主要污染源為農(nóng)村生活和農(nóng)業(yè)面源,生態(tài)保障區(qū)污染負(fù)荷來源較為分散。(2)基于ArcGIS平臺確定研究區(qū)域內(nèi)16個監(jiān)測點位進(jìn)行水質(zhì)監(jiān)測。結(jié)果表明,研究區(qū)域內(nèi)高錳酸鹽指數(shù)和氨氮均達(dá)到地表水Ⅲ類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),總磷部分達(dá)到Ⅲ類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(3)建立了適用于苕溪太湖入湖口區(qū)域的流域分布式水文模型—SWAT模型,并從生活污水削減、畜禽養(yǎng)殖削減、耕地管理措施(等高種植和退耕還林)和攔截措施(植被過濾帶和植草水道)四個方面對區(qū)域設(shè)置19個模擬情景同基準(zhǔn)情景進(jìn)行對比。結(jié)果表明,生活污水削減較畜禽養(yǎng)殖效果更好,這與區(qū)域內(nèi)生活污水及畜禽養(yǎng)殖對研究區(qū)域氮磷負(fù)荷的貢獻(xiàn)率有關(guān)。對0-25°坡度的耕地實行等高種植操作,相較于10%以內(nèi)的耕地轉(zhuǎn)為林地效果更好,與15%退耕還林效果相當(dāng)。執(zhí)行等高種植和攔截措施等水土保持措施,可以有效地降低流域內(nèi)非點源污染負(fù)荷,故在該區(qū)域應(yīng)重點加強(qiáng)水土保持措施。(4)結(jié)合土地利用類型、水質(zhì)情況、集水區(qū)劃分、環(huán)境功能區(qū)劃等將吳興區(qū)劃分為濱湖保護(hù)區(qū)(A區(qū))、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展區(qū)(B區(qū))、生態(tài)保障區(qū)(C區(qū))和水源敏感區(qū)(D區(qū))四個分區(qū)模塊。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展區(qū)污染物單位面積排放量最高,主要污染來自城鎮(zhèn)生活,針對該區(qū)域主要進(jìn)行城鎮(zhèn)污水收集系統(tǒng)及污水處理廠提標(biāo)改造等;水源敏感區(qū)污染物單位面積排放量最低,主要進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染控制;濱湖保護(hù)區(qū)農(nóng)村生活和農(nóng)田徑流污染較高,且受內(nèi)河河網(wǎng)影響較大,主要進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)面源和內(nèi)河河網(wǎng)污染控制;生態(tài)保障區(qū)污染負(fù)荷來源較為分散,且相對其他區(qū)域畜禽養(yǎng)殖和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖較多,主要進(jìn)行畜禽和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖及農(nóng)業(yè)面源的控制。
[Abstract]:The eutrophication problem of Taihu Lake has been concerned. Tiaoxi is the main river in South Taihu Lake. According to the pollution survey data of Tiaoxi Lake mouth, land use patterns and water quality monitoring data. Verify and calculate the amount of pollutants in the study area. Use mathematical statistical analysis method. Combining geographical Information System with GIS. GIs) and Soil and Water Assessment Too 1 (Soil and Water Assessment Too 1) model. The source structure analysis and zoning of the pollution load in the studied area were carried out, and the best control measures of the basin, Best Management practices (BMPs), were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) according to the data of 2011-2014 pollution census, the industrial enterprises in the study area are verified and calculated. Urban life, farmland runoff, livestock and poultry farming, aquaculture and rural life and other pollution sources of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus emissions. The atmospheric nitrogen deposition data were obtained by using the method of measuring every rain. The results showed that the annual total discharge of pollutants in Tiaoxi Lake mouth region was respectively: 1% COD 11655.79 t / a. Ammonia nitrogen 1944.21 t / a, total nitrogen 3543.60 t / a, total phosphorus 407.62 t / a. The main source of pollutants in the economic development area is urban life, with the highest emission per unit area. The discharge of pollutants per unit area was the lowest in the sensitive area of water source. The main sources of pollution are rural life and agricultural non-point source. The source of pollution load in ecological security area is scattered. 2) based on the ArcGIS platform, 16 monitoring sites in the study area are determined for water quality monitoring. The permanganate index and ammonia nitrogen in the study area are up to the standard of surface water class 鈪，

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