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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：青海省玉樹藏族自治州生態(tài)可持續(xù)性研究　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 玉樹藏族自治州 生態(tài)可持續(xù)性 生態(tài)敏感性 生態(tài)足跡 生態(tài)安全

【摘要】：20世紀80年代以來,我國經(jīng)濟持續(xù)快速增長、城鎮(zhèn)化進程不斷加快、生態(tài)保護力度顯著提升,與此同時,我國對資源的開發(fā)強度不斷增大、氣候變化脅迫加劇、生態(tài)環(huán)境受到嚴重沖擊。面對這種狀況,我國政府高度重視可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的實施。而生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)。青海省玉樹藏族自治州位于青海省西南部,是長江、黃河和瀾滄江的發(fā)源地,其生態(tài)地位非常重要。該地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況不僅影響到當?shù)厝嗣竦纳媾c生活,更是與中下游地區(qū)、全國乃至整個東南亞地區(qū)社會和經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展息息相關(guān)。因此,從"生態(tài)環(huán)境-自然資源-社會經(jīng)濟復(fù)雜大系統(tǒng)"更宏觀的系統(tǒng)層面上,對玉樹州的生態(tài)現(xiàn)狀及生態(tài)可持續(xù)狀況進行研究,具有重要的理論與實踐意義。本文以玉樹州遙感影像、統(tǒng)計資料和野外調(diào)查資料為數(shù)據(jù)源,利用地理信息技術(shù)和空間統(tǒng)計方法對玉樹州的生態(tài)敏感性進行分析;基于生態(tài)足跡模型和PSR模型,采用層次分析法,計算玉樹州2000-2015年的生態(tài)足跡和生態(tài)環(huán)境承載力;并對玉樹州1987-2015年的生態(tài)安全進行分析和評價。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)玉樹州的生態(tài)敏感性存在地區(qū)和空間差異,整體上呈現(xiàn)出西高東低態(tài)勢。位于玉樹州西部的治多縣和雜多縣生態(tài)敏感性較高,其中治多縣西部和雜多縣東部屬于重度以上敏感區(qū),治多縣東部地區(qū)屬于中度敏感區(qū),雜多縣西部屬于輕度敏感區(qū);囊謙縣、玉樹市、稱多縣和曲麻萊縣生態(tài)敏感性較低,均屬于輕度敏感區(qū)。極敏感區(qū)和重度敏感區(qū)占玉樹州總面積的35.23%,中度敏感區(qū)占總面積的24.56%,輕度敏感區(qū)和不敏感區(qū)占總面積的40.21%。說明玉樹州的生態(tài)環(huán)境有待進一步改善,特別是治多縣和雜多縣,應(yīng)減少人為因素對環(huán)境的干擾,優(yōu)化保護措施,降低這些地區(qū)的敏感狀態(tài),維持玉樹州生態(tài)可持續(xù)性。(2)2000-2015年,玉樹州的生態(tài)足跡呈增長趨勢,且增長幅度較大,從37.222萬hm2增至58.363萬hm2,增長率為56.8%;人均生態(tài)足跡也呈現(xiàn)出增長趨勢,從0.8627 hm2/人增至0.9038 hm2/人,增長了 4.8%。從時間序列上看,玉樹州的人均生態(tài)足跡整體表現(xiàn)為2000-2005年迅速上升,2005-2010年驟減,2010-2015年又呈緩慢增加趨勢。從空間分布狀況來看,玉樹州各地區(qū)人均生態(tài)足跡的排名為:治多縣曲麻萊縣雜多縣囊謙縣稱多縣玉樹市。(3)玉樹州各地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境承載力存在地區(qū)和空間差異,總體上呈現(xiàn)自低海拔地區(qū)向高海拔地區(qū)遞增趨勢。玉樹州各地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境承載力排序為:治多縣曲麻萊縣稱多縣雜多縣玉樹市囊謙縣。北部海拔較高的經(jīng)濟欠發(fā)達地區(qū)生態(tài)承載力較高,南部海拔較低的經(jīng)濟較發(fā)達地區(qū)生態(tài)承載力已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)出過載態(tài)勢。說明玉樹州社會經(jīng)濟正處于高速發(fā)展階段,當?shù)鼐用駥ψ匀毁Y源的消耗大幅度增加,特別是囊謙縣和雜多縣,需要合理利用當?shù)刭Y源進行產(chǎn)業(yè)的開發(fā)升級,減少對生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響,保持玉樹州生態(tài)穩(wěn)定與可持續(xù)發(fā)展。(4)玉樹州的生態(tài)安全狀況存在時空差異。玉樹州的生態(tài)安全指數(shù)在1987-2015年間整體呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,研究表明:除玉樹市的生態(tài)安全狀況呈現(xiàn)輕微惡化趨勢外,治多縣、囊謙縣、雜多縣、稱多縣和曲麻萊縣的生態(tài)安全指數(shù)均在不斷增長。玉樹州東部地區(qū)生態(tài)安全狀況明顯好于西部地區(qū)。玉樹市作為州府所在地受到人口密度及人類干擾影響明顯,當?shù)刭Y源壓力和社會壓力增大,需要采取生態(tài)保護措施和科學(xué)調(diào)控,制定合理發(fā)展規(guī)劃,以保障實現(xiàn)全州的生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, China's sustained and rapid economic growth, accelerating the urbanization process, the ecological protection efforts significantly improved, at the same time, the development of China's resource intensity increasing, exacerbating climate change stress, the ecological environment has been seriously affected. In the face of this situation, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development and ecological sustainability. The development environment is the foundation of sustainable development. The Qinghai Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yushu province is located in the southwest of Qinghai Province, is the birthplace of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River River and Lancang River, its ecological status is very important. The ecological environment status in this area not only affects the survival and life of the local people, and more is in the downstream region, the development of the society and the national economy and the whole Southeast Asia is closely linked. Therefore, the ecological environment of natural resources and social economic complex system "macro system level, to Research on Yushu's ecological situation and ecological sustainability, has important theoretical and practical significance. This paper takes Yushu remote sensing image, statistical data and field survey data, were analyzed by using GIS and spatial statistical methods for Yushu's ecological sensitivity; ecological footprint model and PSR model based on the the analytic hierarchy process, the calculation of bearing capacity of Yushu 2000-2015 years of ecological footprint and ecological environment; and to analyze and evaluate the ecological security of Yushu in 1987-2015. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the existence of differences between regions and spatial ecological sensitivity in Yushu, showing an overall trend in the East West High low. Western Yushu and Zhiduo County Zaduo County, ecological sensitivity is high, the eastern and Western Zhidoi County Zaduo county belongs to severe sensitive area, Zhiduo County, eastern region is medium The sensitive area, zadoi County West belonging to light sensitive area; Yushu Nangqian County, and lower ecological sensitivity in Chengduo county and Qumalai County, belong to the light sensitive area. Extremely sensitive area and severe sensitive area accounts for 35.23% of the total area of Yushu Prefecture, moderate sensitive area accounts for 24.56% of the total area, the light sensitive area and not sensitive area accounts for 40.21%. of the total area of the ecological environment in Yushu Prefecture should be further improved, especially in Zhiduo county and zadoi County, should reduce man-made interference on the environment, optimization of protection measures, to reduce the sensitivity of these areas, to maintain Yushu ecological sustainability. (2) 2000-2015 years, the ecological footprint of Yushu Prefecture there is a growing trend, and larger growth, from 372 thousand and 220 hm2 to 583 thousand and 630 hm2. The growth rate of 56.8%; the per capita ecological footprint is also showing increasing trend, from 0.8627 hm2/ to 0.9038 hm2/, an increase of 4.8%. from the time series, jade The per capita ecological footprint, the overall performance of the tree for the rapid rise of 2000-2005 years, 2005-2010 years and 2010-2015 years have plummeted, slowly increasing trend. From the point of view of the status of spatial distribution of ecological footprint per capita in the area of Yushu Prefecture Zhidoi County ranking: Qumalai County Zaduo Nangqian County in Chengduo County of Yushu city. (3) the existence of differences between regions and the space capacity of the ecological environment in various regions of Yushu, generally showed an increasing trend from low altitude to high altitude. Ranking for the capacity of the ecological environment in various regions in Yushu: Qumalai County Zhidoi County Chengduo County Yushu city county miscellaneous sac county. The higher elevations of the modest northern economy owes the developed area of ecological high bearing capacity, has showing the trend of ecological carrying capacity overload is developed at the low altitude region of southern Yushu. Economic, social economy is in a stage of rapid development, the local residents consumption of natural resources greatly The increase, especially in Nangqian county and zadoi County, reasonable utilization of local resources for industrial development and upgrading, reduce the impact on the ecological environment, maintaining ecological stability and sustainable development of Yushu. (4) temporal and spatial differences of ecological security status of Yushu state. Yushu state ecological security index showed a rising trend in the 1987-2015 years the study shows that the ecological security situation in Yushu city showed a slight deterioration, Zhidoi County, Nangqian, Zaduo County, ecological security index Chengduo county and Qumalai county are growing. The eastern region ecological security situation of Yushu is better than the West. The city of Yushu as the state capital is located by population density and the effects of human disturbance, local resources and social pressure increases, need to take measures for ecological protection and scientific regulation, formulate a reasonable development plan, in order to ensure the realization of the state ecological Sustainable development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X22

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