本文關(guān)鍵詞：經(jīng)濟(jì)新常態(tài)下的湖北荊州小微企業(yè)金融支持研究　出處：《長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放三十年,中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)主要依靠出口和投資拉動(dòng),以年平均接近兩位數(shù)的高速度增長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)史上的“中國(guó)奇跡”,這是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)去的一種常態(tài),即舊常態(tài)。自2008年金融危機(jī)以來(lái),世界經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)發(fā)生了錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的變化,國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)也面臨著增長(zhǎng)速度換擋、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、前期刺激政策消化等挑戰(zhàn),呈現(xiàn)出與過(guò)去所不同的新常態(tài),即重在強(qiáng)調(diào)高效率、低成本、可持續(xù)。新常態(tài)之所以為“新”,意味著不同以往；之所以為“常”,意味著相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。與過(guò)去三十年的發(fā)展階段相比,新常態(tài)的特征主要表現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度換擋、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展理念更新、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新動(dòng)力初現(xiàn)等方面,通過(guò)深化改革、調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)和轉(zhuǎn)變方式來(lái)謀求經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。數(shù)量眾多的小微企業(yè)是解決社會(huì)就業(yè)的主力軍和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要推動(dòng)力量。特別是改革開(kāi)放三十年,小微企業(yè)盤(pán)活了商品消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)、便利了廣大群眾的生產(chǎn)生活,構(gòu)成了我國(guó)縣域經(jīng)濟(jì)的主體,更是成為吸引就業(yè)的主渠道,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。然而,在當(dāng)前新常態(tài)背景下,受當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)下行形勢(shì)影響,小微企業(yè)由于自身規(guī)模偏小,在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力明顯偏弱,生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)壓力明顯加大,加之銀行普遍采取的“抓大放小”策略,使其生存難、融資難問(wèn)題突出。對(duì)此,中共十八屆三中全會(huì)關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問(wèn)題的決定特別提出：“發(fā)展普惠金融,鼓勵(lì)金融創(chuàng)新,豐富金融市場(chǎng)層次和產(chǎn)品�！备骷�(jí)政府部門(mén)出臺(tái)了一系列扶持政策措施,如：采取財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼、貸款貼息和稅收優(yōu)惠等措施,將改善小微企業(yè)金融服務(wù)作為實(shí)現(xiàn)普惠金融的重要途徑,并取得了積極的成效。荊州市作為湖北省的農(nóng)業(yè)大市,全市4萬(wàn)多家小微企業(yè)是荊州經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要增長(zhǎng)極。近年來(lái),荊州市政府陸續(xù)制定多項(xiàng)扶持政策措施,為小微企業(yè)的生存、發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了寬松和諧的融資環(huán)境。但在新常態(tài)背景下,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力較大,結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整陣痛顯現(xiàn),改革進(jìn)入攻堅(jiān)階段,小微企業(yè)受自身?xiàng)l件所限導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)壓力較大。加之許多金融機(jī)構(gòu)為避免形成金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn),對(duì)小微企業(yè)不愿貸,也不敢貸,小微企業(yè)融資難問(wèn)題已成為制約其生存和發(fā)展的最大障礙。廣大荊州市小微企業(yè)怎樣適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)新常態(tài)大環(huán)境解決融資難的問(wèn)題,是目前所需要關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。筆者通過(guò)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)新常態(tài)下荊州小微企業(yè)金融支持影響因素的理論分析,確定可能的影響因素,設(shè)計(jì)成調(diào)查問(wèn)卷。通過(guò)發(fā)放問(wèn)卷的方式收集相關(guān)資料。本研究所設(shè)計(jì)的問(wèn)卷,是對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外涉及小微企業(yè)金融支持影響因素的研究成果進(jìn)行總結(jié),并進(jìn)一步結(jié)合荊州市小微企業(yè)的發(fā)展實(shí)際而進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的。筆者通過(guò)對(duì)問(wèn)卷的統(tǒng)計(jì)和分析,了解荊州市小微企業(yè)金融支持影響因素的實(shí)際現(xiàn)狀并有針對(duì)地進(jìn)行分析。本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于：本文借鑒小微企業(yè)金融支持研究的現(xiàn)有成果,通過(guò)金融支持相關(guān)理論的研究,深入分析經(jīng)濟(jì)新常態(tài)下荊州市小微企業(yè)金融支持影響因素,為制定金融政策作為指引。筆者從我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)逐步進(jìn)入新常態(tài)發(fā)展階段的大環(huán)境出發(fā),立足于荊州市小微企業(yè)具體實(shí)際,通過(guò)收集小微企業(yè)金融支持各影響因素的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法和計(jì)量方法,探尋變量之間的相互關(guān)系。并根據(jù)實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果得出的結(jié)論提出若干對(duì)策建議,為進(jìn)一步改善小微企業(yè)金融服務(wù),為實(shí)現(xiàn)普惠金融提供一定參考。本文包括五個(gè)章節(jié),各章節(jié)主要內(nèi)容具體如下：第一章為導(dǎo)論。本章節(jié)主要介紹本文的研究背景、目的和意義,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)該問(wèn)題研究的動(dòng)態(tài)以及本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容、方法、創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)與不足之處,為下文的展開(kāi)分析進(jìn)行必要的介紹。第二章,本章節(jié)主要對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)新常態(tài)下小微企業(yè)金融支持的相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明,一方面對(duì)“經(jīng)濟(jì)新常態(tài)”、“小微企業(yè)”和“金融支持”進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的概括,另一方面重點(diǎn)對(duì)金融支持相關(guān)理論,如資本結(jié)構(gòu)、靜態(tài)權(quán)衡、信息不對(duì)稱(chēng)、融資優(yōu)序、代理、生命周期、金融抑制、信貸配給等理論進(jìn)行闡述,分析了小微企業(yè)金融支持相關(guān)理論的主要特點(diǎn),為本文進(jìn)行金融支持問(wèn)題分析提供理論支撐。第三章,本章節(jié)主要結(jié)合現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)和理論基礎(chǔ),對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)前沿的有關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和理論成果進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的整理,在此基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合荊州市小微企業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及當(dāng)前面臨的融資難問(wèn)題,按照“提出問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題”的思路,分三個(gè)維度從政府、銀行和小微企業(yè)方面的影響因素進(jìn)行論述分析,以確定和提出小微企業(yè)金融支持影響因素變量。第四章,本章節(jié)主要根據(jù)第三章提出的影響因素變量進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)證分析。首先通過(guò)對(duì)荊州500家小微企業(yè)發(fā)放調(diào)查問(wèn)卷進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集,對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行選擇和處理,進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析和研究,然后通過(guò)建立二元Logistic模型,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)新常態(tài)下荊州小微企業(yè)金融支持的影響因素進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析,直觀(guān)的揭示小微企業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)類(lèi)型、政府財(cái)政資金支持、資產(chǎn)負(fù)債比例、資產(chǎn)規(guī)模、資產(chǎn)抵押、經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況、生產(chǎn)能力等影響因素對(duì)小微企業(yè)獲得的金融支持滿(mǎn)足度影響十分顯著。第五章,本章節(jié)主要根據(jù)第四章的實(shí)證研究結(jié)果給出的結(jié)論,進(jìn)行了問(wèn)題分析,并對(duì)如何加強(qiáng)小微企業(yè)金融支持,分政府、銀行和小微企業(yè)三個(gè)維度提出了相對(duì)完善的建議：落實(shí)各項(xiàng)扶持政策,強(qiáng)化普惠金融體系；推進(jìn)經(jīng)營(yíng)戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)型,不斷加大創(chuàng)新力度；提升管理水平,積極推進(jìn)升級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)型。對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義,為有關(guān)部門(mén)制定金融政策提供有效參考。
[Abstract]:Thirty years of reform and opening up, China economy mainly rely on exports and investment driven at high speed close to two average annual double-digit growth has created the history of the world economy "Chinese miracle", this is a normal Chinese economy in the past, the old normal. Since the 2008 financial crisis, the perplexing changes of world economic situation, the domestic economy is also facing a shift of growth, economic restructuring, pre stimulus digestion and other challenges, and presents new normal past different, which emphasizes the high efficiency, low cost, sustainable. The new normal is "new" means different; the reason for the "constant", means relatively stable compared with the stage of development in the past thirty years, the main performance characteristics of the new normal shift in the speed of economic development, economic development update concept, the optimization and upgrading of economic structure, a new driving force for economic development Early on, through deepening reform, structural adjustment and change the way of economic development. Small and micro businesses large number is an important driving force of the main force of economic development and employment. Especially in the thirty years of reform and opening up, Small and micro businesses to revitalize the consumer goods market, to facilitate the production and life of the people. Constitute the main body of the county economy in our country, it is become the main channel of employment, made a great contribution to the economic and social development. However, in the new normal context, by the current economic downturn situation, Small and micro businesses because of its small scale, weak anti risk ability in the fierce market competition in the production and operation pressure increased significantly, and banks generally adopt "encounter" strategy, make its survival difficult, difficult financing problems. In this regard, the Communist Party of China in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on the comprehensive deepening reform And the decision on major issues highlighted: "the development of Inclusive Finance, encourage financial innovation, abundant levels of financial markets and products. Government departments issued a series of supporting policies and measures, such as fiscal subsidies, loan interest subsidies and tax incentives and other measures, will improve the Small and micro businesses in financial services as an important way to achieve financial inclusion, and achieved positive results. The city of Jingzhou as a big agricultural city in Hubei Province, the city's more than 40 thousand Small and micro businesses is an important growth pole of economic development in Jingzhou. In recent years, Jingzhou municipal government has formulated a number of supportive policies and measures for Small and micro businesses to survive, development to create a relaxed and harmonious environment. But financing in the new normal context, China's downtown pressure on the economy, structural adjustment pains to show that the reform has entered a crucial stage, Small and micro businesses by their own conditions in production and operation pressure. In addition to the formation of many financial institutions to avoid financial risks, to Small and micro businesses unwilling to lend, did not dare to loan, Small and micro businesses financing problem has become the biggest obstacle to their survival and development. How to solve the financing problem of economic new normal environment of the Jingzhou city Small and micro businesses, is currently of concern. According to the new economic normal Jingzhou small and micro analysis of the influencing factors of the theory of financial support to enterprises, determine the possible influencing factors, design questionnaires. Data were collected through questionnaire. The questionnaire is to Small and micro businesses financial support research influence factors were summarized at home and abroad and further, combined with the development of Small and micro businesses in Jingzhou city and the actual design. Through the analysis and statistics of the questionnaire, understand Jingzhou city Small and micro businesses affected by financial support In the actual situation and to carry out targeted analysis. The innovation of this paper lies in: Based on existing results Small and micro businesses financial support for research, through the research on related theories of financial support, in-depth analysis of Jingzhou city under the new economic norm Small and micro businesses financial support factors, for the formulation of financial policy as a guide. The author from China economy has gradually entered the new normal stage of development environment, based on the actual Jingzhou city Small and micro businesses, through the collection of Small and micro businesses financial support for the related data of influence factors, using the method of statistical analysis and measurement methods, to explore the relationship between the variables. And puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions according to the empirical results concluded in order to further improve the Small and micro businesses, financial services, and provide a reference for the realization of Inclusive Finance. This paper consists of five chapters, the main content of each chapter is as follows: The first chapter is introduction. This chapter mainly introduces the research background, purpose and significance, the main research contents, the domestic and foreign academic research on the problem of the dynamic and the methods, innovation points and deficiencies, the necessary introduction for the following analysis. The second chapter, this chapter mainly explains the economic under the new normal Small and micro businesses financial support related to the concept of a party facing the new economic norm "," Small and micro businesses "and" financial support "briefly, on the other hand, the focus of the relevant theory of financial support, such as capital structure, static balance, information asymmetry, pecking order, agent, life cycle, financial repression, credit rationing theory is expounded, analyzed the main characteristics of Small and micro businesses financial support theory, financial support provide theoretical support for the analysis in this paper. The third chapter, this chapter mainly. With the existing literature and theoretical basis, relevant experience and theoretical achievements of the academic frontier systematic arrangement on the basis of Jingzhou city Small and micro businesses development and financing facing difficult problems, in accordance with the "ask questions, analyze and solve problems" ideas, divided into three dimensions from the government, influence factors the bank and the Small and micro businesses are analyzed, and put forward to determine Small and micro businesses financial support variables. In the fourth chapter, this chapter mainly according to factors affecting the third chapter of the questionnaire design and empirical analysis. Firstly, through collecting the data on Jingzhou 500 Small and micro businesses questionnaires for data selection and processing, statistical analysis and research, and through the establishment of Logistic model for two yuan, under the new economic norm of Jingzhou small and micro influence factors of enterprise financial support in China Intuitive analysis, reveal the Small and micro businesses industry type, government financial support, asset liability ratio, asset size, asset mortgage, operating conditions, production capacity and other factors impact on the Small and micro businesses to obtain financial support to meet the degree of effect was very significant. The fifth chapter, this chapter is mainly based on the empirical research results are given in Chapter fourth the conclusion of the analysis, and on how to strengthen the financial support of Small and micro businesses, government, bank and the three dimensions of Small and micro businesses put forward relative suggestions: to support the implementation of the policy, strengthen inclusive financial system; to promote the transformation of business strategy, continue to increase innovation; enhance the management level, actively promote the transformation and upgrading. Has certain guiding significance to the reality, provide effective reference for relevant departments to formulate financial policies.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F276.3;F832.4

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