本文關(guān)鍵詞：毛烏素沙地氣候變化對參考作物蒸散量的影響　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 參考作物蒸散量 氣象因素 時(shí)空變化 敏感性分析 毛烏素沙地

【摘要】：近年來,毛烏素沙地氣候變化顯著,對該地區(qū)水資源的開發(fā)利用、經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)及農(nóng)業(yè)種植產(chǎn)生較大的影響。研究毛烏素沙地氣候變化對參考作物蒸散量(ET0)的影響,可為該區(qū)作物所需水量研究提供科學(xué)性依據(jù),為實(shí)現(xiàn)合理開發(fā)利用水資源、進(jìn)行高效管理提供參考,為其農(nóng)牧業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、灌溉農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展模式、農(nóng)作制度制定、生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)的有效模式等科學(xué)和生產(chǎn)實(shí)際問題起指導(dǎo)作用,從而更好地為該區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)服務(wù)。本文經(jīng)查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),采用中國氣象科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)共享服務(wù)網(wǎng)上的相關(guān)氣象數(shù)據(jù),采用FAO56 Penman-Monteith公式,計(jì)算毛烏素沙地各時(shí)段的ET0。利用1959~2013年共55年毛烏素沙地范圍內(nèi)榆林、橫山、鹽池、鄂托克旗及周邊的東勝共5個(gè)氣象站的逐日氣象資料,運(yùn)用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)方法、Mann-Kendall趨勢分析法及距平值等分析毛烏素沙地各氣象要素和ET0各月及全年的時(shí)間變化趨勢及變動幅度;利用1981~2010年共30年的以上5個(gè)及定邊、靖邊、神木、伊金霍洛旗共9個(gè)氣象站的逐日氣象資料,運(yùn)用ArcGIS軟件進(jìn)行空間插值,對毛烏素沙地年尺度的各氣象要素和ET0的空間分布及變動幅度進(jìn)行分析;利用敏感性分析和干旱指數(shù)分析找出影響ET0變化的主要?dú)庀笠?并預(yù)測影響程度。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)毛烏素沙地的氣候總體呈現(xiàn)暖干化。氣溫在1986年出現(xiàn)突增現(xiàn)象;水汽壓在1971出現(xiàn)突減現(xiàn)象,2001年出現(xiàn)突增現(xiàn)象;其余氣象因素不存在突變。(2)毛烏素沙地的不同氣象要素在空間分布上存在差異。降水、氣溫、相對濕度、水汽壓大致由東南向西北遞減,風(fēng)速由東北向西南遞增,日照時(shí)數(shù)由東南向西北遞增;變動幅度:降水從東北到西南遞減,平均氣溫在東北部較大,在中南部的較小,風(fēng)速大致由西北向東南遞減,相對濕度在中南部較大,在西北部較小。日照時(shí)數(shù)在中東部較大,在東北和西南部較小。(3)近55年的ET0總體呈下降趨勢�？臻g上由西南向東北遞減,變化幅度由西北向東南遞減。ET0的年值在887.22~1092.28mm之間,平均為1011.30mm。最大值出現(xiàn)在6月,平均為5.24mm;最小值出現(xiàn)在12月,平均為0.66mm。(4)不同氣象要素在不同時(shí)段對ET0的影響程度存在差異。相對濕度、水汽壓對ET0的影響較大;氣溫的影響很小;日照時(shí)數(shù)、風(fēng)速的影響居中,日照時(shí)數(shù)在4-9月對ET0的影響大于風(fēng)速相對濕度對ET0的影響最大,并且是反向影響。ET0的數(shù)值及變化率隨氣溫、相對濕度的升高而減小,隨風(fēng)速、水汽壓、日照時(shí)數(shù)的增大而增大。干旱指數(shù)在1959-2013年期間總體呈現(xiàn)“上升-平緩-下降”的趨勢。
[Abstract]:In recent years, significant climate change in Maowusu sandy land, development and utilization of water resources in this area, affect the construction and agricultural economy. Research in Maowusu sandy land of climate change on reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) effects for the crop water required to provide scientific basis for research, in order to realize the rational development and utilization water resources, provide a reference for efficient management, the adjustment of industrial structure of agriculture and animal husbandry, agricultural irrigation farming system development, development mode, effective mode of scientific and practical problems of ecological environment construction plays a guiding role, so as to better serve the economic construction of the district service. By consulting relevant literature, the relevant meteorological data sharing service the Internet using meteorological data Chinese, using FAO56 Penman-Monteith formula, calculation of each period of ET0. in Maowusu sandy land by 1959~2013 55 years in sandy hair range Yulin, Hengshan, Yanchi, Otog banner and surrounding the Dongsheng a total of 5 meteorological stations daily meteorological data, using statistical method, trend analysis method and Mann-Kendall anomaly analysis of the meteorological factors in Maowusu Sandy Land and ET0 each month and year time trends and changes in the use of 1981~2010; a total of 30 years of above 5 and Shenmu, Jingbian, Dingbian, Yijinhuoluo a total of 9 meteorological stations in the daily meteorological data were interpolated by ArcGIS software, the spatial distribution and variation of the meteorological elements and ET0 of Maowusu sandland years scale analysis; analysis of main meteorological factors affecting the change of ET0 using sensitivity analysis and drought index, and forecast the degree of influence. The results show that: (1) in the Maowusu sandy land overall climate was warmer and drier. The temperature surge phenomenon appeared in 1986; in 1971 the vapor pressure of anticlimax, 2001 Spurt phenomenon; other meteorological factors there is no mutation. (2) different meteorological factors in Maowusu sandy land exists in the spatial distribution difference. Precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, water vapor pressure is decreasing from southeast to northwest from northeast to southwest, the wind speed increases, the sunshine hours from the southeast to the northwest in increasing fluctuation of precipitation; from the northeast to the southwest of decline, the average temperature in the northeast of the larger, smaller in the south, the wind speed generally decreases from northwest to Southeast, the relative humidity in the south, in the northwest is smaller. Sunshine in the East is large, in the northeast and southwest small. (3) ET0 showed nearly 55 years decreased. Space decreasing from southwest to northeast, amplitude decreasing from northwest to southeast of.ET0 years in value between 887.22~1092.28mm, the average is 1011.30mm. the maximum value in June, the average is 5.24mm; the minimum value in December, the average 0.66mm. (4 Different meteorological factors existing in) the influence degree of different periods of ET0. The differences of relative humidity, water vapor pressure has great influence on the ET0; the impact of temperature is very small; sunshine duration, wind speed in effects of sunshine duration in 4-9 month's effect on ET0 is greater than the wind speed relative humidity on the impact of ET0 and is the largest. The reverse effect of numerical and change rate of.ET0 increased with the temperature, humidity and wind speed, relative decrease, water vapor pressure, increase of sunshine hours increased. The drought index in the period 1959-2013 showing an overall rise flat down "trend.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S161.4

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