本文關(guān)鍵詞：碳減排視角下的綠色建筑成本效益評(píng)價(jià)研究　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 碳減排 綠色建筑 成本效益評(píng)價(jià) 增量成本 增量效益

【摘要】：現(xiàn)如今,全球氣候變暖和減少碳排放已成為當(dāng)下社會(huì)普遍關(guān)心的重大議題。建筑業(yè)作為社會(huì)三個(gè)主要耗能行業(yè)之一,同樣是CO_2等溫室氣體的重要來(lái)源。同類(lèi)型的建筑,能耗量差異有時(shí)可達(dá)幾十倍,產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放差距也很明顯,可見(jiàn)建筑行業(yè)的碳減排潛力很大。從低碳概念的角度出發(fā),綠色建筑的普及和推廣勢(shì)在必行。然而投資者往往只關(guān)注眼前利益,只看到綠色建筑初期額外的成本投入,卻忽視其良好的環(huán)境表現(xiàn)和其帶來(lái)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)效益。本文在綠色建筑成本效益評(píng)價(jià)中引入了碳排放因素,通過(guò)突出綠色建筑碳減排量及對(duì)CO_2減排價(jià)值進(jìn)行量化,改變了以往效益分析的單一片面性,還原綠色建筑的真實(shí)效益。同時(shí)在低碳技術(shù)的效益評(píng)價(jià)中注重有無(wú)對(duì)比法的應(yīng)用,強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑并不是簡(jiǎn)單的低碳技術(shù)和節(jié)能設(shè)備的堆砌,更應(yīng)突出其對(duì)降低碳排放量的貢獻(xiàn)這一環(huán)保結(jié)果。本文先從建筑全生命期碳排放量角度,對(duì)各階段碳排放來(lái)源及影響因素進(jìn)行分析,強(qiáng)化了建筑生命周期前期包括建材階段、施工過(guò)程的碳排放內(nèi)容,以此構(gòu)建綠色建筑碳排放測(cè)算模型,為后文減排量計(jì)算及效益評(píng)價(jià)做準(zhǔn)備。為了準(zhǔn)確核算增量成本和效益,進(jìn)一步結(jié)合低碳技術(shù)和綠色建筑評(píng)價(jià)體系,對(duì)綠色建筑常用的低碳技術(shù)總結(jié)歸類(lèi),結(jié)合建材及各能源消耗等數(shù)據(jù)清單,為建筑節(jié)能減碳計(jì)量提供依據(jù)。從物質(zhì)流和能量流的角度分別對(duì)碳減排路徑進(jìn)行梳理,把主要碳排放消除環(huán)節(jié)分為低碳材料使用和低碳建筑技術(shù)應(yīng)用,從水資源電力資源消耗、采暖供熱能耗和可再生能源利用等方面,針對(duì)節(jié)能減排量建立核算模型。最后,基于費(fèi)用效益分析理論提出了綠色建筑的增量成本的兩種核算方法及各自適用條件,并站在投資者角度,從經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、減碳效果和碳減排收益三個(gè)層面對(duì)增量效益進(jìn)行核定,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益為能源節(jié)約直接帶來(lái)資源費(fèi)用節(jié)省,碳減排效益從節(jié)水、節(jié)電、節(jié)能、節(jié)材減碳方面分析,在對(duì)碳排放交易理念分析基礎(chǔ)上,加入CO_2減排價(jià)值參數(shù),進(jìn)而構(gòu)建綠色建筑的增量成本效益模型。最后將提出的評(píng)價(jià)方法和模型用于具體的建筑實(shí)例進(jìn)行研究。從綠色建筑出發(fā),以碳減排理念為指導(dǎo),結(jié)合建筑實(shí)例,對(duì)建筑碳排放進(jìn)行分析計(jì)量,分析綠色建筑的主要碳減排路徑,進(jìn)而研究綠色建筑由于節(jié)能低碳技術(shù)帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和碳減排效益,使評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果更加直觀定量化,對(duì)投資者的綠色決策提供理論依據(jù)和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo),助力于低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the global warming and reduce carbon emissions has become a major issue of common concern of the society. The social construction industry as one of three major energy consuming industries, is also an important source of greenhouse gases such as CO_2. The same type of building energy consumption difference, sometimes up to several times, the gap of greenhouse gas emissions is also obvious. The construction industry carbon emission reduction potential. Starting from low carbon perspective, the popularization and promotion of green building is imperative. However investors tend to focus only on the immediate interests, only to see the green building extra initial cost, but ignore the good environmental performance and the long-term benefits. This paper introduces the carbon emission factors in green building cost benefit evaluation, by highlighting the green building carbon emission reduction and quantify the CO_2 emission value, change the previous single one-sided benefit analysis, To restore the true benefits of green building. At the same time, pay attention to the application of comparative benefit evaluation in low carbon technology, that is not a simple pile of building low carbon technology and energy-saving equipment, should be stressed to reduce carbon emissions contribute to the environmental protection. This thesis starts from the building life cycle carbon emission angle factors of each stage of carbon emission sources and impact analysis, strengthening the building life cycle early stage including building materials, carbon content in the process of construction, in order to construct the model of green building carbon emissions reduction, for the evaluation of displacement calculation and benefit preparation. In order to accurately calculate the incremental costs and benefits, further integration low carbon technology and green building evaluation system of green building and low carbon technology commonly classified according to the materials and energy consumption data list, provide the basis for the construction of energy-saving and carbon reduction measures. From the material flow and energy flow are combing the main path of carbon emissions, carbon emission elimination is divided into low carbon materials and low carbon building technology, consumption of water resources from power resources, heating energy consumption and renewable energy utilization, energy-saving emission reduction for the establishment of accounting model. Finally, cost benefit analysis of the theory put forward two calculation methods of the incremental cost of green buildings and their applicable conditions based on, and stand in the perspective of investors, from the economic efficiency, carbon reduction effect and carbon emission reduction benefits in three aspects of incremental benefit in assessment of economic benefits for saving energy resources directly bring cost savings and benefits of carbon emissions from the water, energy saving, energy saving, material saving and carbon reduction analysis, on carbon emissions trading concept on the basis of the analysis, adding CO_2 value reduction parameters, then construct the incremental cost effectiveness model of green building. The evaluation method and model for the concrete construction examples were studied. From the point of view of green building, the carbon emission reduction concept as guidance, combining with the construction example, analyzed the measurement on the construction of carbon emissions, carbon emission reduction analysis of the main path of green building and green building research, due to low carbon energy technologies and carbon economy the effectiveness of emission reduction, which makes the evaluation results more intuitive and quantitative, provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for green investors, to help the development of low-carbon economy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU201.5

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本文編號(hào)：1375148