本文關(guān)鍵詞：山西古代疫情研究　出處：《山西中醫(yī)學(xué)院》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 古代疫情 戰(zhàn)亂 旱災(zāi)

【摘要】：目的以1911年之前山西地區(qū)相關(guān)疫情資料的輯錄和整理為前期基礎(chǔ),并結(jié)合發(fā)生大疫時(shí)山西的自然環(huán)境及社會(huì)背景進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的分析研究,揭露山西古代疫情流行的特點(diǎn)和時(shí)空規(guī)律,闡述古代山西疫情與社會(huì)之互動(dòng)情況及疫病防治經(jīng)驗(yàn),探討古代疫情的發(fā)生流行對(duì)于今人的啟示意義,以此能為現(xiàn)代疫病防治工作拓寬思路和提供歷史借鑒,同時(shí)力求能對(duì)古代山西地區(qū)特別是明清之前疫情文獻(xiàn)研究方面的空白進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和完善。方法主要對(duì)現(xiàn)存山西各府、州、縣志、鄉(xiāng)土志,史書文獻(xiàn)如《漢書》《明史》《清史稿》《明實(shí)錄》《清實(shí)錄》,典籍、今人論著,如《中國(guó)災(zāi)害通史》等共計(jì)近380種文獻(xiàn)史料,從中輯錄整理出山西古代疫情記錄近2萬(wàn)余字,統(tǒng)計(jì)得出山西古代疫情共739縣次,并對(duì)相關(guān)因素(自然災(zāi)害、社會(huì)變動(dòng))進(jìn)行篩選,做出數(shù)據(jù)圖表,闡述疫情流行情況和進(jìn)行有關(guān)探討。結(jié)果山西最早的疫情記載可以追溯到公元前655年周惠王時(shí)期,之后一直到1903年的2558年中,山西省有明確記載的疫情流行共計(jì)739縣次,其中主要發(fā)生于16世紀(jì)以后(1601-1903),共計(jì)513縣次,占全部總數(shù)的69.42%。按朝代統(tǒng)計(jì),疫病在12個(gè)朝代流行,主要集中于明清兩朝。季節(jié)分布上,主要集中在春夏秋三季中,冬季明顯較少,但春夏秋三季疫情次數(shù)沒(méi)有顯著差別。山西古代疫情地域分布特征是:疫病主要在盆地流行,山區(qū)丘陵地區(qū)較少,這與人口分布情況基本一致。在739縣次疫情記載中,有疫病病名者共196次。以白喉、大頭風(fēng)、鼠疫為最多。從伴隨山西古代疫情的相關(guān)因素看,旱災(zāi)影響最大。水、旱、凍、蟲等各種自然災(zāi)害及戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、人口流動(dòng)等社會(huì)變動(dòng)都有關(guān)系,雖然不是主要因素,但也有推波助瀾的作用。疫病發(fā)生往往造成人口大量死亡,人倫喪失,并在一定程度上引起社會(huì)局勢(shì)動(dòng)蕩,社會(huì)影響惡劣。山西古代疫病發(fā)生時(shí),政府通常采取如下措施防疫:(1)免除租賦、暫免徭役、開倉(cāng)賑濟(jì);(2)設(shè)立臨時(shí)時(shí)疫醫(yī)院;(3)掩埋尸骨;(4)施舍藥料防疫;(5)祈禱神邸,安定人心。山西古代疫情的初步研究,對(duì)今天防治疫病工作的啟示有:(1)重要責(zé)任在政府;(2)中流砥柱是醫(yī)家;(3)最終結(jié)果看人民。結(jié)論山西的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、災(zāi)害頻繁,瘟疫更是如此。盡管山西1911年之前的疫情記錄散見于山西各地方縣志、史著、各類醫(yī)著及其他如碑文、家譜等相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)中,少有系統(tǒng)性記載,較零散和簡(jiǎn)略。但從收集到的各種資料中,仍能汲取到很多豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn),并對(duì)今天疫病的預(yù)防與治療起到很大的借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:In 1911 in Shanxi before the relevant epidemic data collection and collation of the foundation, and combining with Shanxi's natural environment and social background of the corresponding occurrence of disease, reveal the characteristics and spatial regularity of Shanxi ancient epidemic, elaborate the interactive and disease epidemic in Shanxi and the ancient social prevention and control experience, explore the epidemic in the ancient enlightenment for the present significance, which can broaden the thinking and modern disease prevention and control work to provide historical reference, and strive to the ancient Shanxi area especially the Ming and Qing dynasties before the outbreak of the literature blank in the research of the method is to supplement and perfect. The existing Shanxi Prefecture, state, county, local records, such as the history of literature < > > > < qingshigao Han Ming Ming Dynasty > > classics, qingshilu, modern works, such as < > China disaster and a total of nearly 380 kinds of history documents, from the collection of Sorting out the Shanxi ancient epidemic records of nearly 2 million words, a total of 739 epidemic statistics obtained in ancient Shanxi County, and the related factors (natural disasters, social movements) were selected to make data chart, the epidemic situation described and relevant study results of Shanxi. The earliest recorded outbreak can be traced back to 655 BC king Zhou Hui during the period, until after 1903 2558, Shanxi province has clearly documented the epidemic situation in a total of 739 counties, which mainly occurred in sixteenth Century (1601-1903), a total of 513 counties, accounted for the total number of 69.42%. in different dynasties in the 12 dynasties, disease epidemic, mainly concentrated in the two dynasties of Ming and Qing. Seasonal distribution three, mainly concentrated in the spring and autumn season, winter is less, but the number of times the spring and autumn three season in Shanxi. There is no significant difference between the ancient geographical distribution features are: the disease epidemic mainly in the Basin hilly area is popular Less, which is consistent with the distribution of population. In 739 the county recorded outbreak, epidemic disease has a total of 196 times. In the big wind, diphtheria, plague is the most. The relevant factors with the ancient Shanxi epidemic, the effects of drought. Water, drought, frost, worms and other natural disasters and economic development and, there is war, population flow and other social changes, although not the main factor, but also have important role. The disease occurrence often cause massive death, human population loss, and caused social unrest in some extent, bad social impact. The ancient epidemic occurred in Shanxi, the government usually take the following measures: (epidemic prevention 1) from rent tax exemption, corvee, open relief; (2) the establishment of a temporary epidemic Hospital; (3) buried bones; (4) charity spices epidemic prevention; (5) pray God Di, reassuring. A preliminary study on Shanxi ancient disease, prevention and treatment of diseases with today's Revelation : (1) the important responsibility of the government; (2) is the mainstay of physicians; (3) the final results. Conclusion the people's war in Shanxi, frequent disasters, plague is even more so. Although the epidemic records scattered in Shanxi before 1911 in the local Shanxi County, all kinds of medical and other works, such as inscriptions, genealogy and other related in the literature, there is little systematic records, scattered and simple. But all kinds of information from the collected, still can learn a lot of experience, and to the great reference for disease prevention and treatment of today.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西中醫(yī)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R2-09

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：1368572