【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的迅速發(fā)展和城市化的不斷推進(jìn),大量建筑物、構(gòu)筑物和橋梁都面臨著拆除的問題。拆除分為機械拆除與爆破拆除,本文針對實際橋梁爆破拆除中爆破振動與塌落觸地振動這二者的影響孰大孰小這一問題,通過相關(guān)試驗與數(shù)值分析得出塌落觸地振動的影響更大這一結(jié)論,同時對塌落觸地振動響應(yīng)的影響因素也做了全面分析,最終將相關(guān)研究成果應(yīng)用到武漢沌陽高架橋爆破工程的數(shù)值模擬中去。首先針對單柱爆破振動試驗,采用流固耦合的方法對試驗過程進(jìn)行模擬,該模擬考慮爆破振動對于周圍環(huán)境的影響,最終的數(shù)值計算結(jié)果與實測結(jié)果吻合得很好,證明該數(shù)值模擬方法可行有效,可以應(yīng)用到類似的工程與試驗中去。之后本文對爆破塌落觸地振動試驗進(jìn)行了模擬,該模擬考慮觸地振動對于周圍環(huán)境的影響。本次數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與試驗結(jié)果在同一個量級證明此次數(shù)值模擬方法可行并有效。通過進(jìn)行單柱爆破試驗與塌落觸地振動試驗,對試驗結(jié)果分析可知爆破過程中塌落觸地振動比爆破振動的影響大很多。同時相關(guān)的數(shù)值模擬進(jìn)一步驗證了這一結(jié)論,在實際的橋梁爆破工程中可以只考慮塌落觸地振動的過程。如何削弱觸地振動響應(yīng)的影響也是實際必須考慮的問題,本文針對觸地振動響應(yīng)的影響因素做了詳細(xì)分析,當(dāng)場地存在緩沖層、隔震溝、綠化帶等減震措施情況下分別對其進(jìn)行塌落觸地振動的數(shù)值模擬,得出如下結(jié)論:如果在實際爆破工程中不做任何處理,觸地振動的響應(yīng)較大;當(dāng)加入緩沖層或設(shè)置隔震溝或存在綠化帶時響應(yīng)明顯減小,尤其是存在隔震溝的情況下觸地響應(yīng)衰減最為明顯。將相關(guān)結(jié)論應(yīng)用到武漢沌陽高架橋爆破工程的數(shù)值模擬中去,只考慮塌落觸地振動的影響,建立與實際相一致的模型,包括橡膠緩沖層與綠化帶的建立,成功模擬了該高架橋爆破塌落觸地的全過程。本文通過一系列的試驗與數(shù)值分析,得出在橋梁爆破工程中塌落觸地振動相較于爆破振動對于周圍環(huán)境的影響更大這一結(jié)論。同時本文對爆破工程,無論是爆破過程本身還是觸地塌落的過程都進(jìn)行了行之有效的數(shù)值分析,該數(shù)值模擬方法可以應(yīng)用到類似的工程實際中去。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the continuous progress of urbanization, a large number of buildings, structures and bridges are facing the problem of demolition. Demolition is divided into mechanical demolition and blasting demolition. In this paper, aiming at the problem of the influence of blasting vibration and collapse touching vibration in actual bridge blasting demolition, it is concluded that the impact of collapse touching vibration is more serious through relevant experiments and numerical analysis, and the influencing factors of collapse touching vibration response are also comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the related research results are applied to the numerical simulation of blasting engineering of Xuanyang Viaduct in Wuhan. Firstly, for the single column blasting vibration test, the fluid-solid coupling method is used to simulate the test process. The simulation takes into account the influence of blasting vibration on the surrounding environment. The final numerical results are in good agreement with the measured results. It is proved that the numerical simulation method is feasible and effective, and can be applied to similar projects and experiments. After that, the vibration test of blasting collapse touching ground is simulated in this paper, which takes into account the influence of ground touching vibration on the surrounding environment. The numerical simulation results are in the same order of magnitude as the experimental results, which proves that the numerical simulation method is feasible and effective. Through the single column blasting test and the collapse touch vibration test, the analysis of the test results shows that the impact of the collapse touch vibration on the blasting process is much greater than that of the blasting vibration. At the same time, the related numerical simulation further verifies this conclusion, which can only consider the vibration process of collapse and touching the ground in the actual bridge blasting engineering. How to weaken the influence of ground-touching vibration response is also a problem that must be considered in practice. In this paper, the influencing factors of ground-touching vibration response are analyzed in detail. When there is buffer layer, isolation trench, green belt and other damping measures, the numerical simulation of ground-touching vibration is carried out respectively, and the following conclusions are drawn: if no treatment is done in the actual blasting engineering, the response of ground-touching vibration is greater; The response decreases obviously when the buffer layer is added or the isolation trench is set or there is a green zone, especially in the case of isolation trench, the attenuation of the ground contact response is the most obvious. The relevant conclusions are applied to the numerical simulation of blasting engineering of Wuhan Chuanyang Viaduct. Only the influence of collapse touching vibration is considered, and a model consistent with the actual situation is established, including the establishment of rubber buffer layer and green belt, and the whole process of blasting collapse touching ground of the viaduct is successfully simulated. In this paper, through a series of experiments and numerical analysis, it is concluded that the collapse and touching vibration has a greater influence on the surrounding environment than the blasting vibration in bridge blasting engineering. At the same time, this paper makes an effective numerical analysis of blasting engineering, both the blasting process itself and the collapse process of touching the ground, and the numerical simulation method can be applied to similar engineering practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU746.5

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