【摘要】：土木工程結(jié)構(gòu)在服役過程中不可避免的會(huì)受到各種不利因素的影響,可能造成結(jié)構(gòu)的損傷,這種損傷的積累會(huì)使結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生安全隱患,甚至導(dǎo)致整體結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞。為能夠及時(shí)了解結(jié)構(gòu)的健康狀態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。其中基于壓電阻抗EMI(Electro-Mechanical Impedance)的損傷檢測(cè)技術(shù)以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)引起了許多專家學(xué)者關(guān)注,近年來(lái)發(fā)展十分迅速。而EMI損傷檢測(cè)技術(shù)會(huì)受到包括溫度和外力等等外部因素的影響。本文在前人研究基礎(chǔ)上綜合理論分析、實(shí)驗(yàn)研究、數(shù)據(jù)處理等手段,針對(duì)EMI損傷檢測(cè)技術(shù)的外部影響因素進(jìn)行以下幾方面的研究工作。 1.通過研究溫度對(duì)壓電材料PZT(Piezoelectric)參數(shù)的影響,從理論上探究了溫度對(duì)EMI損傷檢測(cè)技術(shù)的影響,并進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。對(duì)比分析了不同溫度工況下測(cè)得導(dǎo)納曲線的變化規(guī)律,隨著溫度的升高導(dǎo)納曲線整體趨勢(shì)不變,但是導(dǎo)納曲線峰值對(duì)應(yīng)的頻率會(huì)減小,同時(shí)導(dǎo)納曲線峰值會(huì)變大。再對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)所測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行RMSD(Root Mean Square Deviation)損傷指標(biāo)分析,得出溫度的改變會(huì)使得相同健康狀態(tài)下的RMSD指標(biāo)發(fā)生變化,導(dǎo)致對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)健康狀態(tài)的誤判。 2.在一維EMI理論模型的基礎(chǔ)上增加了拉力作用,并推導(dǎo)了拉力作用下結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)納的表達(dá)式,從理論上分析了拉力對(duì)EMI損傷檢測(cè)技術(shù)的影響。再針對(duì)拉力荷載作用下的EMI損傷檢測(cè)技術(shù)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。分別對(duì)無(wú)損鋼梁和損傷后的鋼梁施加不同拉力,分析不同拉力工況對(duì)導(dǎo)納曲線及RMSD指標(biāo)的影響。相同健康狀態(tài)下拉力的增大會(huì)導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)納值的減小,同時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致RMSD損傷指標(biāo)的增大。再分析損傷前后RMSD指標(biāo)的變化以及拉力對(duì)損傷指標(biāo)的影響。通過損傷前后RMSD指標(biāo)的變化能夠檢測(cè)出結(jié)構(gòu)的損傷,但當(dāng)損傷程度不變結(jié)構(gòu)承受拉力時(shí),拉力的變化同樣會(huì)引起損傷指標(biāo)的變化,導(dǎo)致對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)健康狀態(tài)的誤判。 3.針對(duì)溫度對(duì)EMI損傷檢測(cè)技術(shù)的影響,采用了有效頻率偏移EFS(Effective Frequency Shift)方法對(duì)EMI技術(shù)進(jìn)行溫度補(bǔ)償。通過EFS方法對(duì)不同溫度下結(jié)構(gòu)的導(dǎo)納信息進(jìn)行處理,補(bǔ)償了溫度對(duì)導(dǎo)納曲線橫向及縱向的影響。通過對(duì)比分析補(bǔ)償前后RMSD指標(biāo),可以明顯看出經(jīng)過補(bǔ)償后的RMSD指標(biāo)一定程度上減小了溫度引起的指標(biāo)變化。將加入了EFS補(bǔ)償方法的EMI損傷檢測(cè)檢測(cè)技術(shù)運(yùn)用到實(shí)際工程中。首先對(duì)無(wú)損傷和有損傷發(fā)生的橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),對(duì)比分析了不同時(shí)間不同溫度下導(dǎo)納變化及RMSD指標(biāo)的變化。再用EFS方法對(duì)無(wú)損和損傷處的導(dǎo)納信息進(jìn)行處理,發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)過補(bǔ)償后的RMSD指標(biāo)可以更加有效的判斷結(jié)構(gòu)損傷發(fā)生及發(fā)展。 4.針對(duì)拉力因素對(duì)EMI損傷檢測(cè)技術(shù)的影響,采用RBF(Radial Basis Function)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方法進(jìn)行拉力補(bǔ)償。針對(duì)拉力影響實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試的健康狀態(tài)下導(dǎo)納信息進(jìn)行RBF神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練及仿真。利用仿真所得結(jié)果可以預(yù)測(cè)在不同拉力作用下健康狀態(tài)下的導(dǎo)納信息。再將拉力作用下實(shí)測(cè)的導(dǎo)納信息與預(yù)測(cè)值對(duì)比,通過RMSD指標(biāo)的分析即可有效判斷結(jié)構(gòu)的健康狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:In the course of service, it is inevitable that the civil engineering structure will be affected by various adverse factors, which may cause damage to the structure. The accumulation of the damage can cause the structure to have potential safety hazards, and even lead to the destruction of the whole structure. In order to be able to understand the health status of the structure in time, the structure health monitoring system comes into being. Among these, the damage detection technology based on Electro-mechanical Impedance has caused many experts and scholars to pay close attention to its unique advantages, and has developed very quickly in recent years. And the emi damage detection technique may be affected by external factors including temperature and external force, and the like. In this paper, on the basis of the previous research, the research work of the following aspects is carried out on the external influence factors of the EMI damage detection technology by means of theoretical analysis, experimental research and data processing. 1. Based on the influence of temperature on the parameters of PZT (PZT), the influence of temperature on the detection technology of EMI was investigated theoretically, and the experiment was carried out. The change law of the admittance curve under different temperature conditions is compared and analyzed, and the overall trend of the admittance curve is not changed with the increase of the temperature, but the frequency of the peak of the admittance curve can be reduced, and the peak of the admittance curve will change. The RMSD (Root Mean Square Devation) damage index of the experiment data is analyzed to obtain the change of the temperature, which results in the change of the RMSD index in the same healthy state, which leads to the mistake of the health state of the structure. 2. The tensile force is increased on the basis of one-dimensional EMI theory model, and the expression of the structure admittance under the action of tension is derived, and the detection technology of the tensile force on the EMI damage is theoretically analyzed. The influence of the method on the detection of the EMI damage under the action of the tensile load is also described. Apply different tension to the non-destructive steel beam and the damaged steel beam respectively, and analyze the admittance curve and the RMSD index under different tension conditions. The effect of the tensile force in the same healthy state results in a reduction in the admittance value of the structure, which can lead to the damage index of the RMSD. The change of RMSD and the damage index before and after injury were analyzed. The damage of the structure can be detected by the change of the RMSD index before and after the injury, but when the damage degree is not the same, the change of the tensile force can cause the change of the damage index, resulting in a healthy state of the structure. 3. Based on the influence of temperature on the detection technology of EMI, the effective frequency shift (EFS) method is used to the EMI technology. the admittance information of the structure at different temperatures is processed by the EFS method, and the lateral direction of the temperature to the admittance curve is compensated, It can be seen that the RMSD index after compensation has reduced the temperature to a certain extent by comparing the RRMSD index before and after the compensation. The change of the index will be applied to the EMI damage detection and detection technology with the EFS compensation method. In the actual project, the bridge structure with no damage and damage is first monitored, and the change of the admittance and the RMSD at different temperatures are compared and analyzed. The change of the index is used to process the admittance information of the damage and damage by the EFS method, and it is found that the compensated RMSD index can more effectively judge the structural damage. Occurrence and development.4. Based on the influence of the tension factor on the detection technology of EMI, the RBF (Radial Basis Function) neural network is used. Under the influence of the tensile force, the admittance information in the healthy state of the experimental test is RBF neural network. The training and simulation are carried out. The simulation results can be used to predict the health-like under different tensile forces. The admittance information under the state of tension is compared with the predicted value of the measured admittance information under the action of the pulling force, and can be effectively judged through the analysis of the RMSD index.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU317

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