【摘要】：文章基于密閉空間氣氛控制體系追求低能耗、高效再生、綜合集成的實際需求和發(fā)展趨勢,針對氧氣濃度控制、有害氣體凈化、環(huán)境溫濕度控制三大關鍵問題展開了系列化的實驗研究,深入的反應動力學、傳熱傳質過程理論分析,開發(fā)出低能源供給條件下的安全、低耗、高效密閉空間氣氛控制應用技術,具有重要的理論意義和實際應用價值。 文章在模擬密閉裝置內展開了基于單位板狀型態(tài)超氧化鉀的氧氣濃度控制實驗,建立了板狀超氧化鉀反應動力學模型。結合實驗數(shù)據(jù),確定了模型動力學參數(shù)及適用范圍,提出了板狀超氧化鉀反應動力學過程分為快、慢兩個反應階段,快反應階段由界面反應控速,慢反應階段由內擴散控速。基于實驗及動力學模型,確定了板狀超氧化鉀需求總量及有效產(chǎn)氧時長等應用參數(shù),構成了密閉空間人工環(huán)境氧氣濃度控制策略。 文章搭建了模擬密閉空間循環(huán)凈化實驗裝置,分別對3種CO2與3種CO固體化學吸收劑展開了循環(huán)凈化實驗研究,得到了6種吸收劑的較優(yōu)空速條件。通過對實驗數(shù)據(jù)展開反應動力學分析,建立了CO2和CO循環(huán)凈化反應動力學方程,給出了最大反應速率與氣體濃度的對應關系�；诜磻獎恿W方程,得到了凈化劑理論最小需求量及環(huán)境CO2和CO理論維持濃度等實際應用參數(shù),構成了密閉空間人工環(huán)境CO2和CO濃度控制策略。 文章建立了立方體冰蓄冷模塊相變制冷數(shù)學模型,得到了蓄冷模塊壁面綜合傳熱系數(shù)、有效制冷時間、制冷率以及除濕量的數(shù)學表達式,確定了各參數(shù)間的相互關系。展開了立方體蓄冷模塊有效制冷時間測量實驗,基于實驗數(shù)據(jù)建立了蓄冷模塊環(huán)境溫濕度修正系數(shù)方程,對數(shù)學模型進行了修正。基于該修正模型,確定了蓄冷模塊需求總量、單位時間蓄冷模塊需求量、蓄冷模塊更換時間等應用參數(shù),構成了密閉空間人工環(huán)境溫濕控制策略。 文章基于密閉空間氣氛控制理論與控制策略,開發(fā)了系列氣氛控制裝置。成功進行了2人24小時及8人168小時密閉空間載人實驗,證明了本文研究提出的氣氛控制理論與控制策略能夠有效地指導實際應用,為該領域的相關研究提供了技術基礎與應用依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Based on the actual demand and development trend of low energy consumption, high efficiency regeneration and comprehensive integration, this paper aims at oxygen concentration control and harmful gas purification. A series of experimental studies have been carried out on three key problems of environmental temperature and humidity control. The reaction kinetics and the theoretical analysis of heat and mass transfer process have been carried out, and the safety and low consumption under the condition of low energy supply have been developed. The application technology of high efficiency closed space atmosphere control has important theoretical significance and practical application value. In this paper, the oxygen concentration control experiment based on unit plate type potassium superoxide was carried out in a simulated airtight device, and the kinetic model of plate potassium superoxide reaction was established. Combined with the experimental data, the kinetic parameters and applicable range of the model are determined, and the kinetic process of plate potassium superoxide reaction is divided into two stages: fast and slow, the fast reaction stage is controlled by the interface reaction rate, and the slow reaction stage is controlled by internal diffusion. Based on the experimental and kinetic model, the application parameters such as the total demand for plate potassium superoxide and the effective oxygen production time were determined, and the oxygen concentration control strategy in artificial environment in closed space was formed. In this paper, an experimental device for simulated closed space circulation purification was built, and three kinds of CO2 and three kinds of CO solid chemical absorbers were studied respectively, and the optimum space velocity conditions of six kinds of absorbers were obtained. Based on the analysis of the reaction kinetics of the experimental data, the kinetic equations of CO2 and CO cycle purification reaction were established, and the corresponding relationship between the maximum reaction rate and the gas concentration was given. Based on the reaction kinetics equation, the practical application parameters such as the minimum demand of purifier theory and the maintenance concentration of environmental CO2 and CO theory are obtained, and the concentration control strategy of CO2 and CO in closed space artificial environment is constructed. In this paper, the mathematical model of phase change refrigeration of cubic ice storage module is established, and the mathematical expressions of comprehensive heat transfer coefficient, effective refrigeration time, cooling rate and dehumidification capacity of the cold storage module are obtained, and the relationship among the parameters is determined. The experiment of measuring the effective refrigeration time of cube cold storage module is carried out. based on the experimental data, the correction coefficient equation of temperature and humidity in the environment of cold storage module is established, and the mathematical model is modified. Based on the modified model, the application parameters such as the total demand of cold storage module, the demand of cold storage module per unit time and the replacement time of cold storage module are determined, and the temperature and humidity control strategy of artificial environment in closed space is formed. Based on the theory and control strategy of closed space atmosphere control, a series of atmosphere control devices are developed in this paper. The manned experiments of 2 people for 24 hours and 8 people for 168 hours have been successfully carried out. It is proved that the atmosphere control theory and control strategy proposed in this paper can effectively guide the practical application. It provides the technical basis and application basis for the related research in this field.
【學位授予單位】：北京科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU831

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本文編號：2485208