【摘要】：調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)顯示,目前北京農(nóng)村地區(qū)住宅采暖以小型燃煤爐為主,每年采暖煤炭消耗量為349萬噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤,燃燒效率低,并且每年會產(chǎn)生約2.6萬噸的PM2.5排放量,給北京地區(qū)節(jié)能減排和霧霾防治工作造成巨大壓力,急需尋找一種更清潔的適宜技術(shù)替代燃煤采暖。北京農(nóng)村地區(qū)缺少生物質(zhì)等可再生資源,使用電能的小型低溫空氣源熱泵不產(chǎn)生PM2.5排放、能源利用率較高,有可能成為北京農(nóng)村地區(qū)替代燃煤采暖的主要采暖方式。近幾年市場上已經(jīng)開發(fā)出性能穩(wěn)定、適合北方農(nóng)村住宅安裝使用的小型低溫空氣源熱泵設(shè)備,但是還缺少典型示范實(shí)例和運(yùn)行效果的實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù),無法準(zhǔn)確判斷小型低溫空氣源熱泵用于農(nóng)宅采暖的可行性、適用性及可能存在的問題。本論文對此展開研究工作,研究內(nèi)容和主要結(jié)論如下:1.在北京郊區(qū)建立了兩種不同形式的小型低溫空氣源熱泵采暖示范戶共4戶,進(jìn)行了整個采暖季運(yùn)行效果的連續(xù)測試。其中熱水型低溫空氣源熱泵+地板采暖示范戶冬季平均室溫18.0℃,采暖季電耗54kWh/m2,戶總電耗3749kWh,采暖費(fèi)用2346元;熱水型低溫空氣源熱泵+散熱器采暖示范戶冬季平均室溫17.9℃,采暖季電耗41kWh/m2,戶總電耗4073kWh,采暖費(fèi)用2599元;兩戶熱風(fēng)型低溫空氣源熱泵采暖示范戶的房間平均氣溫在16℃以上,采暖季電耗分別為18 kWh/m2和24kWh/m2,電費(fèi)分別為366元和1114元。機(jī)組在北京冬季室外氣溫條件下正常運(yùn)行,營造了適宜的室溫,采暖費(fèi)用低于采用燃煤采暖。2.結(jié)合實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)分析了以上兩類機(jī)組和采暖系統(tǒng)的適用性。熱水型低溫空氣源熱泵能夠?yàn)檎麘艮r(nóng)宅提供穩(wěn)定的采暖溫度,適于對室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境要求高、經(jīng)濟(jì)水平較好的農(nóng)村家庭使用。熱風(fēng)型低溫空氣源熱泵采暖能夠迅速提高房間氣溫,可以對機(jī)組運(yùn)行及室內(nèi)溫度進(jìn)行靈活控制,并能實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。兩種熱泵各具特色,都是替代北京地區(qū)現(xiàn)有小型燃煤采暖的適宜技術(shù)。3.研究并初步總結(jié)了熱風(fēng)型低溫空氣源熱泵的幾種典型用戶行為模式,實(shí)際使用中大部分農(nóng)戶都會采取部分空間、部分時間的使用模式,與傳統(tǒng)的整戶供暖連續(xù)運(yùn)行的采暖模式相比能夠更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)行為節(jié)能。
[Abstract]:According to the research data, at present, the residential heating in rural areas of Beijing is dominated by small coal stoves, and the annual heating coal consumption is 3.49 million tons of standard coal. The combustion efficiency is low, and about 26000 tons of PM2.5 emissions will be generated every year. It puts great pressure on energy saving and emission reduction and haze prevention and control in Beijing, so it is urgent to find a cleaner and suitable technology to replace coal-fired heating. There is a lack of renewable resources such as biomass in rural areas of Beijing, small low temperature air source heat pumps using electric energy do not produce PM2.5 emissions, and the energy utilization rate is high, which may become the main heating mode to replace coal-fired heating in rural areas of Beijing. In recent years, a small low temperature air source heat pump equipment with stable performance and suitable for installation and use in rural residential buildings in the north has been developed in the market, but there is still a lack of typical demonstration examples and measured data of the operation effect. It is impossible to accurately judge the feasibility, applicability and possible problems of small low temperature air source heat pump used in agricultural house heating. In this paper, the research work is carried out, the research contents and main conclusions are as follows: 1. Two different forms of small low temperature air source heat pump heating demonstration households were established in the suburbs of Beijing, and the operation effect of the whole heating season was tested continuously. The average room temperature of hot water type low temperature air source heat pump floor heating demonstration household is 18.0 鈩，

本文編號：2483385