常用外墻保溫隔熱材料全生命周期經(jīng)濟效益及環(huán)境效益評價
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-18 20:53
【摘要】：建筑圍護結(jié)構(gòu)主要由外墻組成,其保溫隔熱性能是控制建筑物能耗的重點及節(jié)能設(shè)計的關(guān)鍵。但是長期以來,我國的建筑墻體多數(shù)采用保溫隔熱性能較差的單一混凝土或普通砌塊材料,其熱工性能遠不能達到相關(guān)節(jié)能指標和規(guī)定的要求。因此,墻體保溫的新技術(shù)與產(chǎn)品目前已經(jīng)成為建筑節(jié)能技術(shù)中備受關(guān)注的主要節(jié)能技術(shù)之一。外墻保溫隔熱材料作為降低建筑物熱損耗,提高熱工效率的重要節(jié)能手段之一,其在全生命周期內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟性和環(huán)境影響同樣值得關(guān)注。本研究結(jié)合全生命周期理論,通過技術(shù)經(jīng)濟評價和建筑環(huán)境表現(xiàn)評價(BEPAS)相關(guān)模型,研究外墻保溫隔熱材料在全生命周期內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟效益和環(huán)境效益。通過熱傳導(dǎo)方程,計算聚苯乙烯泡沫板(EPS)、膨脹珍珠巖、巖棉和保溫砂漿4種保溫隔熱材料的節(jié)能效率,并結(jié)合凈現(xiàn)值法分析其經(jīng)濟效益;建立更新了以陜西省為目標區(qū)域的BEPAS效益因子指標體系,分析整理以上材料在物化和拆除階段的污染物排放量清單,以及在使用運營階段建筑物的減排量清單;對4種保溫隔熱材料的各階段的各類環(huán)境負效益、環(huán)境正效益和全生命周期的綜合效益進行比較分析。研究結(jié)果表明,保溫隔熱材料在使用運營階段的經(jīng)濟正效益占主導(dǎo)地位,全生命周期凈現(xiàn)值均大于0,可以節(jié)約煤炭、電力,帶來極大的經(jīng)濟正效益。每種保溫隔熱材料雖然都有一定環(huán)境負效益,但在使用運營階段由于減排所帶來的正效益占主導(dǎo)地位,環(huán)境負效益幾乎可忽略不計。針對負效益而言,EPS的負效益值最高,保溫砂漿的最低。每種材料會對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生不同類型的負效益:EPS主要造成富營養(yǎng)化、水體毒性等水體污染,但其碳排放量較低;膨脹珍珠巖在物化和拆除階段二氧化碳等各類溫室氣體排放量較大,對環(huán)境造成氣候變暖的影響;巖棉會在產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)階段排放大量溫室氣體,在廢品拆除回收階段產(chǎn)生大量廢棄巖棉纖維,造成氣候變暖和固體廢棄物等影響;保溫砂漿在產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)階段會排放一定量氟化物,造成臭氧層損耗且影響較為嚴重,同樣其也會造成一定程度的氣候變暖。每種保溫隔熱材料在產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)階段的環(huán)境負效益值均較大或?qū)Νh(huán)境有一定影響,要提高生產(chǎn)工藝,減少在產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)階段各類污染物的排放量,以降低生產(chǎn)階段的環(huán)境負效益;此外,EPS要減少原材料開采階段和廢品拆除回收階段的水體污染物排放,巖棉則要研究解決廢品拆除回收階段廢棄巖棉纖維的回收利用。
[Abstract]:The building enclosure structure is mainly composed of external walls, and its thermal insulation performance is the key to control the energy consumption of buildings and the key to energy saving design. However, for a long time, most of the building walls in our country use single concrete or ordinary block material with poor thermal insulation performance, and their thermal performance is far from meeting the requirements of relevant energy saving indexes and regulations. Therefore, the new technology and products of wall insulation have become one of the main energy-saving technologies in building energy-saving technology. As one of the important energy-saving means to reduce the thermal loss of buildings and improve thermal efficiency, the economy and environmental impact of external wall thermal insulation materials in the whole life cycle are also worthy of attention. Based on the whole life cycle theory, the economic and environmental benefits of external wall thermal insulation materials in the whole life cycle are studied through (BEPAS) related models of technical and economic evaluation and building environmental performance evaluation. Based on the heat conduction equation, the energy saving efficiency of four kinds of thermal insulation materials, (EPS), expanded perlite, rock cotton and thermal insulation mortar, is calculated, and its economic benefit is analyzed by net present value method (NPV). The BEPAS benefit factor index system with Shaanxi Province as the target area is established and updated, and the pollutant emission inventory of the above materials in the physical, chemical and demolition stage, as well as the emission reduction list of buildings in the use and operation stage are analyzed and sorted out. The negative environmental benefits, environmental positive benefits and comprehensive benefits of the whole life cycle of four kinds of thermal insulation materials were compared and analyzed. The results show that the positive economic benefit of thermal insulation materials is dominant in the operation stage, and the net present value of the whole life cycle is more than 0, which can save coal and electricity and bring great economic and positive benefits. Although each kind of thermal insulation material has certain environmental negative benefit, the positive benefit brought by emission reduction is dominant in the operation stage, and the negative environmental benefit can be ignored. According to the negative benefit, the negative benefit value of EPS is the highest, and that of thermal insulation mortar is the lowest. Each material will have different types of negative benefits to the environment: EPS mainly causes eutrophication, water toxicity and other water pollution, but its carbon emissions are low; The expanded perlite emits large greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the physical, chemical and demolition stages, which causes the impact of climate warming on the environment. Rock cotton will emit a large number of greenhouse gases in the product production stage, and a large number of waste rock cotton fibers will be produced in the stage of waste removal and recovery, resulting in warm climate, solid waste and so on. Thermal insulation mortar will emit a certain amount of fluoride in the production stage, resulting in ozone layer depletion and serious impact, which will also cause a certain degree of climate warming. The environmental negative benefit value of each kind of thermal insulation material in the product production stage is large or has certain influence on the environment. It is necessary to improve the production process and reduce the emission of all kinds of pollutants in the product production stage in order to reduce the environmental negative benefit in the production stage. In addition, EPS should reduce the discharge of water pollutants in raw material mining stage and waste removal and recovery stage, and rock cotton should study and solve the recovery and utilization of waste rock cotton fiber in waste material demolition and recovery stage.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU551
本文編號：2480328
[Abstract]:The building enclosure structure is mainly composed of external walls, and its thermal insulation performance is the key to control the energy consumption of buildings and the key to energy saving design. However, for a long time, most of the building walls in our country use single concrete or ordinary block material with poor thermal insulation performance, and their thermal performance is far from meeting the requirements of relevant energy saving indexes and regulations. Therefore, the new technology and products of wall insulation have become one of the main energy-saving technologies in building energy-saving technology. As one of the important energy-saving means to reduce the thermal loss of buildings and improve thermal efficiency, the economy and environmental impact of external wall thermal insulation materials in the whole life cycle are also worthy of attention. Based on the whole life cycle theory, the economic and environmental benefits of external wall thermal insulation materials in the whole life cycle are studied through (BEPAS) related models of technical and economic evaluation and building environmental performance evaluation. Based on the heat conduction equation, the energy saving efficiency of four kinds of thermal insulation materials, (EPS), expanded perlite, rock cotton and thermal insulation mortar, is calculated, and its economic benefit is analyzed by net present value method (NPV). The BEPAS benefit factor index system with Shaanxi Province as the target area is established and updated, and the pollutant emission inventory of the above materials in the physical, chemical and demolition stage, as well as the emission reduction list of buildings in the use and operation stage are analyzed and sorted out. The negative environmental benefits, environmental positive benefits and comprehensive benefits of the whole life cycle of four kinds of thermal insulation materials were compared and analyzed. The results show that the positive economic benefit of thermal insulation materials is dominant in the operation stage, and the net present value of the whole life cycle is more than 0, which can save coal and electricity and bring great economic and positive benefits. Although each kind of thermal insulation material has certain environmental negative benefit, the positive benefit brought by emission reduction is dominant in the operation stage, and the negative environmental benefit can be ignored. According to the negative benefit, the negative benefit value of EPS is the highest, and that of thermal insulation mortar is the lowest. Each material will have different types of negative benefits to the environment: EPS mainly causes eutrophication, water toxicity and other water pollution, but its carbon emissions are low; The expanded perlite emits large greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the physical, chemical and demolition stages, which causes the impact of climate warming on the environment. Rock cotton will emit a large number of greenhouse gases in the product production stage, and a large number of waste rock cotton fibers will be produced in the stage of waste removal and recovery, resulting in warm climate, solid waste and so on. Thermal insulation mortar will emit a certain amount of fluoride in the production stage, resulting in ozone layer depletion and serious impact, which will also cause a certain degree of climate warming. The environmental negative benefit value of each kind of thermal insulation material in the product production stage is large or has certain influence on the environment. It is necessary to improve the production process and reduce the emission of all kinds of pollutants in the product production stage in order to reduce the environmental negative benefit in the production stage. In addition, EPS should reduce the discharge of water pollutants in raw material mining stage and waste removal and recovery stage, and rock cotton should study and solve the recovery and utilization of waste rock cotton fiber in waste material demolition and recovery stage.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU551
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