【摘要】：伴隨著經(jīng)濟和社會的不斷發(fā)展,土地資源日益匱乏,人們對高層建筑的需求不斷加大,電梯作為一種垂直交通工具,很好地滿足了高層建筑的垂直運輸需求。而永磁同步無齒輪曳引機作為電梯的驅(qū)動設備,其性能的優(yōu)劣直接影響著電梯系統(tǒng)的運行質(zhì)量和電梯運行的安全性和可靠性。因此,開發(fā)出一套帶能量回饋功能的永磁同步無齒輪曳引機專用測試系統(tǒng)具有十分重要的意義,它不僅滿足了永磁同步無齒輪曳引機特殊的負載特性,而且可以提高測試過程自動化程度,相較于傳統(tǒng)測功系統(tǒng),還可以大幅降低測試過程中的耗能。本文首先闡述了曳引式垂直電梯系統(tǒng)的工作原理,并概要闡述了永磁同步無齒輪曳引機的結(jié)構(gòu)組成、各主要組成部件的作用及其突出的優(yōu)點。根據(jù)測試的需要,本文對永磁同步電機的數(shù)學模型和常用的矢量控制方式等作了必要的探討。本文也對交流電力測功系統(tǒng)對再生能量的處理方式及其特點進行了比較研究。其次,針對現(xiàn)有的測功系統(tǒng)的測功方式及其特點以及電梯曳引機測功系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題,分析比較了異步電機和永磁同步電機不同的負載特性,確定了測試系統(tǒng)的負載電機類型；通過對測試系統(tǒng)各個測試量的特性分析和研究,確定了測試系統(tǒng)中的電參數(shù)和機械參數(shù)的采集設備；在此基礎上,通過增加附加的逆變器,實現(xiàn)了將負載電機運行時的能量回饋回電網(wǎng)的功能,并由此完成了永磁同步無齒輪曳引機測試系統(tǒng)硬件平臺的構(gòu)成。在軟件方面,按照測試系統(tǒng)的硬件構(gòu)成和測試項目的需要,作者設計了基于LabVIEW的測試軟件。編制了基于RS232, USB接口的通訊程序,實現(xiàn)了測試過程中的各個電參數(shù)和轉(zhuǎn)矩、轉(zhuǎn)速參數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)采集；為了嚴格控制測試條件,編制了基于PID算法的轉(zhuǎn)矩點自動調(diào)節(jié)程序,利用NI的數(shù)據(jù)采集卡,使得運行轉(zhuǎn)速平穩(wěn)可調(diào)。編寫了基于Modbus RTU協(xié)議的富士1ift變頻器通訊程序,實現(xiàn)了變頻器的遠程監(jiān)控,用于實時監(jiān)控變頻器的工作狀態(tài)。最后,對永磁同步無齒輪曳引機測功系統(tǒng)進行了實際的運行測試,并對測試結(jié)果進行了分析。通過和傳統(tǒng)測試機的測試能耗進行對比,實驗結(jié)果表明本測試系統(tǒng)可以大大節(jié)約測試時消耗的電能。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy and society, land resources are increasingly scarce, and people's demand for high-rise buildings is increasing. As a vertical means of transportation, elevators can meet the vertical transport needs of high-rise buildings. As the driving equipment of the elevator, the performance of the permanent magnet synchronous gear-less tractor directly affects the operation quality of the elevator system and the safety and reliability of the elevator operation. Therefore, it is very important to develop a special testing system for permanent magnet synchronous gear traction machine with energy feedback function, which not only satisfies the special load characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous gear traction machine, Compared with the traditional power measurement system, the energy consumption in the test process can be greatly reduced. In this paper, the working principle of the traction vertical elevator system is first described, and the structure composition of the permanent magnet synchronous gear-less traction machine, the function of the main components and its outstanding advantages are briefly described. According to the need of testing, the mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and the commonly used vector control methods are discussed in this paper. The processing methods and characteristics of regenerative energy in AC power measurement system are also studied in this paper. Secondly, the different load characteristics of asynchronous motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are analyzed and compared, aiming at the current situation and existing problems of the current power measuring system of elevator traction machine and the way of measuring power of existing power measuring system. The type of load motor of the test system is determined. Through the analysis and research on the characteristics of each test quantity in the test system, the acquisition equipment of electrical parameters and mechanical parameters in the test system is determined. On this basis, by adding an additional inverter, the function of returning the energy of the load motor back to the power grid is realized, and the hardware platform of the PMSM testing system is completed. In the aspect of software, according to the hardware structure of the test system and the requirement of the test project, the author designs the test software based on LabVIEW. The communication program based on RS232, USB interface is compiled, and the data acquisition of each electric parameter, torque and rotational speed parameter in the testing process is realized. In order to control the test conditions strictly, an automatic torque point adjustment program based on PID algorithm is developed. The data acquisition card of NI is used to make the running speed stable and adjustable. The communication program of Fuji 1ift inverter based on Modbus RTU protocol is compiled, and the remote monitoring of the converter is realized, which is used to monitor the working status of the converter in real time. Finally, the power measuring system of permanent magnet synchronous non-gear traction machine is tested, and the test results are analyzed. Compared with the test energy consumption of the traditional test machine, the experimental results show that the test system can greatly save the energy consumed during the test.
【學位授予單位】：東南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU857

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