關中地區(qū)城市下墊面雨水入滲性能的研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-11 13:11
【摘要】：隨著城市化進程腳步加快,城市硬化地面增加,降雨徑流下滲量減小,城市出現(xiàn)一系列洪澇災害問題。關中地區(qū)位于我國濕陷性黃土廣泛分布地區(qū),城市下墊面受到降雨入滲時會遇到濕陷變形的問題。因此,結合關中地區(qū)城市下墊面入滲規(guī)律解決城市降雨入滲問題迫在眉睫。目前,國外學者提出低影響開發(fā)(Low Impact Develpoment,LID)這一理念,旨在解決城市降雨入滲等一系列生態(tài)環(huán)境問題。LID成功實施的核心在于因地制宜,目前在濕陷性黃土地區(qū)開展LID建設無先例可循。本文通過雨水下滲試驗和變水頭入滲試驗研究下凹式綠地技術,分析下凹式綠地對提高降雨入滲量、減小城市洪澇災害的作用。同時,在增加降雨入滲量條件下,計算降雨對城市綠地周邊黃土路基的影響深度。結果表明:(1)不同類型下墊面入滲試驗結果表明,入滲率指標規(guī)律為:小區(qū)綠地(7.02×10-2cm/min)校園綠地(6.48×10-2cm/min)踩踏小路(2.79×10-2cm/min)公園綠地(2.55×10-2cm/min)市政綠地(2.25×10-2cm/min)密實黃土(0.9×10-2cm/min)的規(guī)律;90min累計入滲量呈現(xiàn):小區(qū)綠地(5.27cm)市政綠地(2.35cm)校園綠地(1.98cm)公園綠地(1.73cm)密實黃土。入滲速率差異的影響原因包括土壤容重、通氣孔隙率、下墊面土壤質地、土體構型,實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)大孔隙和裂隙的存也顯著了提高土壤的入滲能力;(2)表層土的入滲率制約著土壤整體的入滲性能;心土層的入滲速率大于表層土并不能增加整個土體的入滲能力。但是從理論上可以推知:當心土層的入滲能力小于其上層表土時就能夠阻礙水的下滲,使整個土體的入滲能力下降;(3)下凹式綠地的下凹深度一般為5~25cm,其蓄滲能力與下凹深度(入滲水頭)成正比。同等下滲速率下,下凹式綠地蓄滲效率遠高于普通綠地;(4)入滲深度隨降雨持續(xù)時間的增加而逐漸增加,實驗結果表明:12h內(nèi)同類型綠地、黃土降雨入滲深度呈現(xiàn):居民區(qū)綠地(1.79m)市政綠化帶(1.43m)公園綠地(1.39m)黃土(0.35m);(5)降雨對路基影響深度為2m左右,低階低降雨入滲深度為0.5m,高階地降雨入滲深度為1.79m,在西安城區(qū)范圍的濕陷性黃土呈透鏡狀不連續(xù)分布,在LID下滲措施中,可以通過“插管深滲”避過濕陷性黃土層來保證路基的結構穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:With the accelerating pace of urbanization, the hardening surface of cities increases, the amount of rainfall runoff decreases, and a series of flood disasters occur in cities. Guanzhong area is located in the widely distributed area of collapsible loess in China, and the problem of collapsible deformation will be encountered when the urban underlying surface is infiltrated by rainfall. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of urban rainfall infiltration based on the infiltration law of urban underlying surface in Guanzhong area. At present, foreign scholars put forward the concept of low impact Development (Low Impact Develpoment,LID), which aims to solve a series of ecological environmental problems such as urban rainfall infiltration. The core of lid's successful implementation is to adapt measures to local conditions. At present, there is no precedent to carry out LID construction in collapsible loess area. Based on Rain Water infiltration test and variable head infiltration test, this paper analyzes the effect of lower concave green space on increasing rainfall infiltration and reducing urban flood disaster. At the same time, under the condition of increasing rainfall infiltration, the influence depth of rainfall on loess roadbed around urban green space is calculated. The results are as follows: (1) the infiltration test results of different types of underlying surfaces show that: The law of infiltration rate is as follows: residential green space (7.02 脳 10-2cm/min) campus green space (6.48 脳 10-2cm/min) trampling on path (2.79 脳 10-2cm/min) green space (2.55 脳 10-2cm/min) municipal green space (2.25 脳 10-2cm/min). 2cm/min) compacted loess (0.9 脳 10-2cm/min); The cumulative infiltration of 90min is as follows: 5.27cm municipal green space (2.35cm) campus green space (1.98cm) green space (1.73cm) dense loess. The factors affecting infiltration rate include soil bulk density, ventilation porosity, soil texture and soil configuration. It was found that the existence of macropores and fissures also significantly improved the infiltration ability of soil. (2) the infiltration rate of the topsoil restricts the infiltration performance of the whole soil, and the infiltration rate of the core soil is larger than that of the topsoil, which can not increase the infiltration capacity of the whole soil. However, it can be deduced theoretically that when the infiltration capacity of the soil layer is smaller than that of the upper layer of the soil, it can hinder the infiltration of water and decrease the infiltration capacity of the whole soil. (3) the depth of the concave green space is usually 5? 25 cm, and its infiltration capacity is proportional to the depth of the depression (the head of the infiltration water). Under the same infiltration rate, the storage efficiency of the lower concave green space is much higher than that of the common green space. (4) the depth of infiltration gradually increased with the increase of rainfall duration. The experimental results showed that the same type of green space was found within 12 hours. The depth of rainfall infiltration of loess is as follows: residential green space (1.79m) municipal green zone (1.43m) green land of park (1.39m) loess (0.35m); (5) the influence depth of rainfall on roadbed is about 2m, the depth of low-order and low-rainfall infiltration is 0.5m, and the depth of high-order rainfall infiltration is 1.79m. The collapsible loess in Xi'an urban area is lenticular discontinuously distributed, and in the LID infiltration measures, The structural stability of roadbed can be ensured by "intubation and deep infiltration" to avoid collapsible loess layer.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU992
本文編號：2456434
[Abstract]:With the accelerating pace of urbanization, the hardening surface of cities increases, the amount of rainfall runoff decreases, and a series of flood disasters occur in cities. Guanzhong area is located in the widely distributed area of collapsible loess in China, and the problem of collapsible deformation will be encountered when the urban underlying surface is infiltrated by rainfall. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of urban rainfall infiltration based on the infiltration law of urban underlying surface in Guanzhong area. At present, foreign scholars put forward the concept of low impact Development (Low Impact Develpoment,LID), which aims to solve a series of ecological environmental problems such as urban rainfall infiltration. The core of lid's successful implementation is to adapt measures to local conditions. At present, there is no precedent to carry out LID construction in collapsible loess area. Based on Rain Water infiltration test and variable head infiltration test, this paper analyzes the effect of lower concave green space on increasing rainfall infiltration and reducing urban flood disaster. At the same time, under the condition of increasing rainfall infiltration, the influence depth of rainfall on loess roadbed around urban green space is calculated. The results are as follows: (1) the infiltration test results of different types of underlying surfaces show that: The law of infiltration rate is as follows: residential green space (7.02 脳 10-2cm/min) campus green space (6.48 脳 10-2cm/min) trampling on path (2.79 脳 10-2cm/min) green space (2.55 脳 10-2cm/min) municipal green space (2.25 脳 10-2cm/min). 2cm/min) compacted loess (0.9 脳 10-2cm/min); The cumulative infiltration of 90min is as follows: 5.27cm municipal green space (2.35cm) campus green space (1.98cm) green space (1.73cm) dense loess. The factors affecting infiltration rate include soil bulk density, ventilation porosity, soil texture and soil configuration. It was found that the existence of macropores and fissures also significantly improved the infiltration ability of soil. (2) the infiltration rate of the topsoil restricts the infiltration performance of the whole soil, and the infiltration rate of the core soil is larger than that of the topsoil, which can not increase the infiltration capacity of the whole soil. However, it can be deduced theoretically that when the infiltration capacity of the soil layer is smaller than that of the upper layer of the soil, it can hinder the infiltration of water and decrease the infiltration capacity of the whole soil. (3) the depth of the concave green space is usually 5? 25 cm, and its infiltration capacity is proportional to the depth of the depression (the head of the infiltration water). Under the same infiltration rate, the storage efficiency of the lower concave green space is much higher than that of the common green space. (4) the depth of infiltration gradually increased with the increase of rainfall duration. The experimental results showed that the same type of green space was found within 12 hours. The depth of rainfall infiltration of loess is as follows: residential green space (1.79m) municipal green zone (1.43m) green land of park (1.39m) loess (0.35m); (5) the influence depth of rainfall on roadbed is about 2m, the depth of low-order and low-rainfall infiltration is 0.5m, and the depth of high-order rainfall infiltration is 1.79m. The collapsible loess in Xi'an urban area is lenticular discontinuously distributed, and in the LID infiltration measures, The structural stability of roadbed can be ensured by "intubation and deep infiltration" to avoid collapsible loess layer.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU992
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前9條
1 程江;徐啟新;楊凱;劉蘭嵐;范群杰;;國外城市雨水資源利用管理體系的比較及啟示[J];中國給水排水;2007年12期
2 梁愛民;劉瀟;;非飽和土滲透系數(shù)的試驗研究[J];井岡山大學學報(自然科學版);2012年02期
3 李俊奇,車伍,池蓮,劉松;住區(qū)低勢綠地設計的關鍵參數(shù)及其影響因素分析[J];給水排水;2004年09期
4 高鵬;穆興民;劉普靈;辛小桂;;降雨強度對黃土區(qū)不同土地利用類型入滲影響的試驗研究[J];水土保持通報;2006年03期
5 王月玲;蔣齊;蔡進軍;張源潤;季波;董立國;李生寶;;半干旱黃土丘陵區(qū)土壤水分入滲速率的空間變異性[J];水土保持通報;2008年04期
6 劉蘭嵐;楊凱;程江;范群杰;;雨水調(diào)蓄工程與城市綠地建設結合途徑初探[J];沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報;2006年04期
7 張光義;聶發(fā)輝;寧靜;李田;;城市下凹式綠地長期運行蓄滲效率的概率分析[J];同濟大學學報(自然科學版);2009年05期
8 徐捷,王釗,李未顯;非飽和土的吸力量測技術[J];巖石力學與工程學報;2000年S1期
9 楊校輝;黃雪峰;朱彥鵬;姚志華;張世徑;;大厚度自重濕陷性黃土地基處理深度和濕陷性評價試驗研究[J];巖石力學與工程學報;2014年05期
相關博士學位論文 前1條
1 程慧艷;黃河源區(qū)高寒草甸草地覆被變化的水文過程與生態(tài)功能響應研究[D];蘭州大學;2007年
相關碩士學位論文 前9條
1 路凱冀;黃土濕陷的大變形有限元分析[D];長安大學;2001年
2 陳楠;基于GIS的中尺度土壤空間分布規(guī)律研究[D];西北大學;2002年
3 來劍斌;土壤水分運動特征及其參數(shù)確定[D];西安理工大學;2003年
4 郭睿;關中地區(qū)黃土濕陷性及其防治對策的研究[D];西安科技大學;2003年
5 周青云;蓄水多坑土壤水分運動數(shù)值模擬與試驗研究[D];太原理工大學;2004年
6 劉興旺;降雨入滲條件下路基穩(wěn)定性分析[D];中南大學;2006年
7 劉平;降雨條件下考慮裂隙的膨脹土邊坡非穩(wěn)定滲流數(shù)值模擬[D];長沙理工大學;2007年
8 朱麗娟;降雨影響下的非飽和黃土邊坡穩(wěn)定性分析[D];西安建筑科技大學;2008年
9 劉永濤;降雨入滲對黃土邊坡穩(wěn)定性影響研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學;2010年
，本文編號：2456434
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/jingjilunwen/jianzhujingjilunwen/2456434.html
教材專著
