【摘要】：溴化鋰吸收式換熱機組是一種新型的大溫差換熱系統(tǒng),區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)的板式換熱機組,它巧妙的將傳統(tǒng)的板式換熱機組與溴化鋰吸收式熱泵集成為新系統(tǒng)。將吸收式熱泵原理應用于換熱站實現(xiàn)換熱機組局部由低溫向高溫的傳熱,增大一次水側(cè)的傳熱溫差,從而實現(xiàn)一次水流量不變的情況下增大換熱站總傳熱量的目的。機組著力于解決既有城市熱網(wǎng)輸送能力不足、供熱增容、管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)水力失衡等原因造成的部分換熱站供熱能力不足的問題。采用吸收式換熱機組,可以大幅度提高熱力管網(wǎng)的輸送能力,降低管網(wǎng)建設(shè)投資費用,節(jié)約系統(tǒng)運行成本。論文針對單效溴化鋰吸收式換熱機組進行研發(fā)與性能實驗研究。(1)深入分析并建立了溴化鋰吸收式換熱機組數(shù)學模型,包括溴化鋰溶液的熱物性與狀態(tài)方程考證與篩選,并據(jù)此分別建立吸收式換熱機組熱力狀態(tài)模型、吸收式換熱機組傳熱模型以及水力與結(jié)構(gòu)方程,并進行了方程組關(guān)聯(lián)性分析。(2)在吸收式換熱機組數(shù)學模型方程組的基礎(chǔ)上,進行參數(shù)與自由度分析,指出設(shè)計計算與模擬計算的本質(zhì)區(qū)別和各自特點,提出逆向校核的設(shè)計方法和基于擬牛頓法的模擬迭代算法。設(shè)計了實驗用吸收式換熱機組樣機,并對其運行特性進行模擬分析。(3)為了對吸收式換熱機組的性能和運行特性進行測試,完成了400k W換熱量的實驗臺設(shè)計與建設(shè),該實驗臺可完成換熱、制熱、制冷實驗,以及不同串并聯(lián)形式和工況條件的實驗,選擇并設(shè)置了合適的儀表和數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng),并對實驗安排和步驟進行了詳細的設(shè)計。(4)在實驗臺上進行吸收式換熱機組的性能試驗,主要包括設(shè)計工況、變流量、變水溫、不凝性氣體等多組實驗,并對機組冷劑水污染情況進行分析。實驗結(jié)果表明吸收式換熱機組換熱效果良好,論文所提出的設(shè)計和模擬方法正確可行。論文可為吸收式換熱機組的設(shè)計與運行提供理論和數(shù)據(jù)參考。
[Abstract]:Lithium bromide absorption heat exchanger is a new type of large temperature difference heat transfer system, which is different from the traditional plate heat exchanger. It cleverly integrates the traditional plate heat exchanger and the lithium bromide absorption heat pump into a new system. The principle of absorption heat pump is applied to the heat transfer station to realize the local heat transfer from low temperature to high temperature of the heat exchanger unit, and to increase the heat transfer temperature difference of the primary water side, thus realizing the purpose of increasing the total heat transfer quantity of the heat exchanger station under the condition of constant primary water flow rate. The unit focuses on solving the problems of insufficient heat transfer capacity of some heat transfer stations caused by insufficient transportation capacity of existing urban heat networks, heating capacity increasing, and hydraulic imbalance of pipe network system, etc. The absorption heat exchanger can greatly improve the transportation capacity of the heat pipe network, reduce the investment cost of the pipe network construction, and save the operating cost of the system. The research and development of single-effect libr absorption heat exchanger and the experimental study on its performance are carried out in this paper. (1) the mathematical model of lithium bromide absorption heat exchanger is deeply analyzed and established, including the verification and screening of thermal properties and equation of state of lithium bromide solution. Based on this model, the thermal state model of absorption heat exchanger, the heat transfer model of absorption heat exchanger and the hydraulic and structural equations are established respectively. On the basis of the mathematical model equations of absorption heat exchanger, the parameters and degrees of freedom are analyzed, and the essential differences and characteristics between design and simulation are pointed out. A design method for reverse checking and a simulation iterative algorithm based on quasi Newton method are presented. The prototype of experimental absorption heat exchanger is designed, and its operating characteristics are simulated and analyzed. (3) in order to test the performance and operation characteristics of absorption heat exchanger, the design and construction of 400kW heat transfer test bench are completed. The experiment bench can complete the experiment of heat transfer and refrigeration, as well as the experiment of different series-parallel connection forms and operating conditions. The suitable instrument and data acquisition system are selected and installed. The experimental arrangements and steps are designed in detail. (4) the performance tests of absorption heat exchanger are carried out on the test bench, including design conditions, variable flow rate, variable water temperature, non-condensable gas and so on. The water pollution of coolant is analyzed. The experimental results show that the heat transfer effect of absorption heat exchanger is good, and the design and simulation method proposed in this paper is correct and feasible. The paper can provide theoretical and data reference for the design and operation of absorption heat exchanger.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU83

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