【摘要】：在環(huán)境污染加劇,勞動力成本提高等因素的影響下,大量快速建造的粗放型手工生產(chǎn)的傳統(tǒng)建造模式的問題逐漸顯現(xiàn)。根據(jù)我國住宅建設(shè)規(guī)劃,到2015年,我國住宅建設(shè)量基本得到滿足,逐漸向小康型舒適型邁進(jìn)。大力發(fā)展建筑工業(yè)化,轉(zhuǎn)變生產(chǎn)方式,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化,滿足對于住宅更高的居住需求。在政策的推動下,我國大力發(fā)展以PCa裝配式住宅體系為核心的住宅工業(yè)化建設(shè),已具有一定的技術(shù)水平和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化基礎(chǔ)。PCa裝配式技術(shù)(Precast Concrete)即預(yù)制裝配式混凝土技術(shù),是利用工廠生產(chǎn)預(yù)制構(gòu)件,現(xiàn)場組裝的建造模式。PCa裝配式住宅以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化為基礎(chǔ),具有經(jīng)濟(jì)、高效等優(yōu)勢,能夠滿足我國住宅大量建設(shè)的需求。但面對日趨多元化的居住需求,缺乏多樣化設(shè)計應(yīng)對策略。如何協(xié)調(diào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化與多樣化的關(guān)系,越來越引起了設(shè)計師們的思考。在我國南方地區(qū),已經(jīng)開始出現(xiàn)PCa裝配式住宅標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建造模式基礎(chǔ)上的多樣化設(shè)計探索。歐洲、日本等地的工業(yè)化住宅起步較早,經(jīng)歷了批量生產(chǎn)、體系完善、多樣化設(shè)計探索、可持續(xù)發(fā)展等長期的過程,積累了豐富的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn),對我國PCa裝配式住宅體系與多樣化設(shè)計探索,具有借鑒作用。本文著眼于國內(nèi)外PCa裝配式住宅體系與多樣化設(shè)計現(xiàn)狀的對比研究。在實(shí)地調(diào)研和文獻(xiàn)研究基礎(chǔ)上,系統(tǒng)地研究和分析了PCa裝配式住宅體系和多樣化設(shè)計方法,并借鑒國外先進(jìn)的設(shè)計理念和技術(shù)體系,對PCa裝配式住宅的多樣化設(shè)計進(jìn)行探索。本文首先論述了國外工業(yè)化住宅的發(fā)展歷史及一般規(guī)律,明確了發(fā)展方向。然后通過案例分析,從工法體系、平面和立面的多樣性設(shè)計三個層面總結(jié)國內(nèi)外PCa裝配式住宅的現(xiàn)狀。在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行比較研究,并借鑒國外先進(jìn)的設(shè)計理念和方法,從技術(shù)體系、平面和立面設(shè)計三方面總結(jié)多樣化設(shè)計手法。并通過PCa裝配式集合住宅的試設(shè)計,進(jìn)行多樣化設(shè)計的論證。最后,通過對國內(nèi)外PCa裝配式住宅體系和多樣化設(shè)計現(xiàn)狀的對比研究,從體系層面及具體設(shè)計手法兩個方面進(jìn)行了總結(jié)并提出了展望。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of environmental pollution and labor cost, a large number of rapid construction of traditional construction model of extensive manual production has gradually emerged. According to the housing construction plan of our country, by 2015, the quantity of housing construction in our country has been basically satisfied, and gradually stride forward to the comfortable type. Only by vigorously developing the construction industrialization and changing the production mode can we realize the modernization of the industry and meet the higher housing demand. Under the promotion of the policy, our country vigorously develops the housing industrialization construction with the PCa assembly housing system as the core, already has the certain technical level and the standardization foundation. The PCa assemblage technology (Precast Concrete) is prefabricated concrete technology. The PCa assembly house is based on standardization, which has the advantages of economy and efficiency, and can meet the needs of a large number of housing construction in our country. However, in the face of increasingly diversified housing needs, there is a lack of diversified design strategies. How to coordinate the relationship between standardization and diversification, more and more designers think. In southern China, the diversified design exploration based on the standard construction mode of PCa assembly housing has begun to appear. Industrial housing in Europe and Japan started early, experienced a long process of batch production, perfect system, diversified design exploration, sustainable development, and accumulated rich development experience. It can be used for reference to explore the system and diversified design of PCa prefabricated housing in China. This paper focuses on the domestic and foreign PCa assembly housing system and diversification of the status quo of the comparative study. On the basis of field investigation and literature research, this paper systematically studies and analyzes the PCa assembly housing system and the diversified design methods, and draws lessons from the advanced design concepts and technical systems of foreign countries to explore the diversified design of PCa assembly housing. This paper first discusses the development history and general law of industrialized housing abroad, and clarifies the development direction. Then through the case analysis, summarizes the present situation of the PCa assembly house at home and abroad from three aspects: the engineering method system, the plane and the facade diversity design. On this basis, this paper makes a comparative study and draws lessons from foreign advanced design concepts and methods, and summarizes various design techniques from three aspects: technical system, plane design and facade design. And through the PCa assembly house trial design, the diversification of the design argument. Finally, through the comparative study on the present situation of PCa assembly housing system and diversification design at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the system level and the concrete design methods and puts forward the prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU208

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