軟黏土微觀定量研究及其應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-28 12:10
【摘要】：土作為一種工程材料,具有相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的特性,集合了非連續(xù)性、非均勻性、力學(xué)性質(zhì)的非線性,但作為一種結(jié)構(gòu)性體,其又具有系統(tǒng)性,其系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部組成是相互關(guān)聯(lián)和協(xié)調(diào)的。土體在宏觀上表現(xiàn)的一系列物理力學(xué)性狀均是其內(nèi)部微細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)的具體表現(xiàn),其宏觀性質(zhì)在一定程度上受微觀結(jié)構(gòu)狀態(tài)和變化的影響。為進一步了解宏微觀之間的聯(lián)系及其在土力學(xué)中的應(yīng)用,本文在總結(jié)國內(nèi)外軟土微觀結(jié)構(gòu)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,針對軟土的微觀孔隙率及影響因素、宏微觀孔隙率之間的關(guān)系、平均接觸面積率及其影響因素等問題,利用宏觀孔隙率與平均接觸面積率之間的關(guān)系分析土力學(xué)問題,主要研究工作和成果如下： (1)通過對軟土的SEM圖像掃描,定性分析了其結(jié)構(gòu)孔隙特征,建立了基于Image-Pro Plus (IPP)軟件的三維孔隙率計算模型,通過微積分思想,推導(dǎo)了三維孔隙率計算公式,定量統(tǒng)計軟土的三維孔隙率。分析了由二值化處理獲取的平面孔隙率與本文提出的統(tǒng)計三維孔隙率之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明：本文提出的三維孔隙計算公式是可行的,較二值化處理獲取的平面孔隙率,本文獲取的三維孔隙率更加接近孔隙真實情況。 (2)為獲取合理的軟土微觀三維孔隙率,分析了計算步距、放大倍數(shù)、閾值大小、分析區(qū)域大小等對孔隙率計算結(jié)果的影響。研究結(jié)果表明：步距越小精度越高,采用步距2有利于兼顧計算容量和精度要求；研究放大倍數(shù)宜采用1200±300倍；閾值取值跟放大倍數(shù)有關(guān),放大倍數(shù)越大閾值也應(yīng)相應(yīng)增加；分析區(qū)域面積不宜太小,能有效反映整張圖像信息的區(qū)域面積應(yīng)占圖像總面積的70%以上。 (3)通過對比室內(nèi)試驗獲取的宏觀孔隙率與計算孔隙率之間的關(guān)系,定量獲取土體接觸面積的百分比,首次提出了軟土平均接觸面積率的概念,并分析了計算步距、放大倍數(shù)、閾值大小、分析區(qū)域大小對軟土平均接觸面積率的影響。結(jié)果表明：土體接觸面積率的值跟孔隙率有關(guān),孔隙率越大,接觸面積率越小,結(jié)果符合孔隙分布的客觀規(guī)律。 (4)為得到軟土宏觀孔隙率與接觸面積率之間的關(guān)系,對杭州、寧波和奉化三地的軟土進行了大量的SEM圖像掃描及室內(nèi)土工試驗,并用本文提出的計算方法,得到了軟土孔隙率與平均接觸面積率之間的關(guān)系,結(jié)合數(shù)理統(tǒng)計方法,擬合得到了孔隙率與平均接觸面積率之間的關(guān)系式,定量獲得了杭州、寧波及奉化軟土的方程參數(shù)。 (5)在土的滲透與滲流中考慮土體的接觸面積率,得到了考慮接觸面積率的土體滲流流速方程,通過考慮接觸面積的土體受力微元,推導(dǎo)了滲流中的滲透作用力及滲流出口處的臨界水力坡度計算公式,得到滲流出口出的受力穩(wěn)定由三部分組成,包括滲透力、摩擦力和黏聚力,當(dāng)不考慮摩擦和黏性時,該式與太沙基式等同。 (6)在固結(jié)分析中引入土體的接觸面積,考慮土體的固液兩相非連續(xù)性,推導(dǎo)得到了考慮接觸面積的有效應(yīng)力表達式,包括考慮宏微觀關(guān)系的太沙基一維固結(jié)方程和三維Biot固結(jié)方程。 (7)在土壓力理論中引入土體顆粒的接觸面積,得到考慮接觸面積后的水土分算土壓力比傳統(tǒng)的土壓力值要小,并分析了土壓力傳遞的原理,并推導(dǎo)了考慮滲流、超孔隙水壓影響的水土分算計算式。 (8)把平均接觸面積率引入土坡穩(wěn)定分析,得到了考慮接觸面積大小的邊坡穩(wěn)定分析方法(瑞典條分法和簡化畢肖普法),并得到了孔隙率參數(shù)對邊坡穩(wěn)定性的影響,結(jié)合邊坡穩(wěn)定影響的條件,同時建立了考慮孔隙率影響的坡頂超載、地下水浮力或滲流作用力、地震力作用邊坡穩(wěn)定分析計算式。
[Abstract]:As a kind of engineering material, the soil is a kind of engineering material, and has the characteristics of non-continuity, non-uniformity and mechanical property. However, as a kind of structural body, it also has the systematicness, and the internal components of the system are interrelated and coordinated. A series of physical and mechanical properties of the soil body on the macro level are the concrete performance of the internal micro-structure, and the macroscopic property of the soil body is influenced by the micro-structure state and the change to a certain extent. In order to further understand the relationship between macro and micro and its application in soil mechanics, this paper, on the basis of summarizing the research of the micro-structure of soft soil at home and abroad, aims at the relationship between the micro-porosity and the influencing factors of soft soil and the macro-micro-porosity. The relationship between the average contact area ratio and the average contact area ratio is used to analyze the soil mechanics, and the main research work and results are as follows: (1) By scanning the SEM image of the soft soil, the structure pore of the soft soil is analyzed qualitatively. The three-dimensional porosity calculation model based on the image-Pro Plus (IPP) software is set up, and the three-dimensional porosity calculation formula is derived by the calculus thought, and the three-dimensional pore of the soft soil is quantitatively and statistically analyzed. The correlation between the planar porosity obtained by the two-valued process and the statistical three-dimensional porosity proposed in this paper is analyzed. The results show that the three-dimensional porosity calculation formula proposed in this paper is feasible and the planar porosity obtained by the two-value process is more close to the actual condition of the pores. (2) In order to obtain the reasonable micro-three-dimensional porosity of soft soil, the calculation step distance, the magnification, the threshold size, the size of the analysis area and the like are analyzed and the calculation results of the porosity are analyzed. The results show that the higher the step distance and the higher the precision, it is advantageous to use the step-to-step 2 to balance the calculation capacity and the precision requirement; the magnification factor of the study should be 1200-300 times; the threshold value is related to the magnification factor, the larger the amplification factor and the larger the threshold value should be correspondingly increased, and the area of the analysis area is not It should be too small to effectively reflect that the area area of the entire image information should be 70% of the total area of the image (3) By comparing the relation between the macro porosity and the calculated porosity, the concept of the average contact area ratio of the soft soil is proposed for the first time, and the calculation step distance and the magnification factor are also analyzed., the threshold size, the size of the analysis area, the average contact surface of the soft soil, The results show that the contact area ratio of the soil is related to the porosity, the higher the porosity, the smaller the contact area ratio, and the result is in accordance with the pore distribution. In order to obtain the relation between the macroscopic porosity and the contact area ratio of the soft soil, a large amount of SEM image scanning and indoor geotechnical test of the soft soil in Hangzhou, Ningbo and Fenghua are carried out. The relation between the porosity of the soft soil and the average contact area ratio is obtained, and the relation between the porosity and the average contact area ratio is obtained by using the mathematical statistics method. The relationship between the porosity and the average contact area ratio is obtained by fitting the mathematical statistics method, and the Hangzhou, Ningbo and Fenghua are obtained quantitatively. The equation parameters of the soft soil are given. (5) The contact area ratio of the soil body is taken into account in the seepage and seepage of the soil, and the flow velocity equation of the soil body in consideration of the contact area ratio is obtained, and the seepage force in the seepage and the presence of the seepage outlet are derived by considering the force micro-element of the soil body with the contact area. The calculation formula of the hydraulic gradient of the boundary is that the stress stability obtained by the seepage outlet is composed of three parts, including the penetration force, the friction force and the viscous force, In this paper, the contact area of the soil is introduced in the consolidation analysis, and the non-continuity of the solid solution of the soil is considered, and the effective stress expression considering the contact area is derived, including the one-dimensional consolidation equation considering the macro-micro-relation. and in the soil pressure theory, the contact area of the soil body particles is introduced, the soil pressure of the soil and soil after the contact area is considered is smaller than that of the traditional soil pressure value, the principle of the soil pressure transmission is analyzed, and the seepage and the super-hole are also deduced, (8) The average contact area ratio is introduced into the soil slope stability analysis, and the slope stability analysis method considering the size of the contact area is obtained (the Swedish sub-method and the simplified Bishop method), and the stability of the slope is obtained. The influence of the stability of the slope is combined with the condition of the slope stability. At the same time, the overload of the slope, the buoyancy or the seepage force of the groundwater are established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU442
本文編號：2393923
[Abstract]:As a kind of engineering material, the soil is a kind of engineering material, and has the characteristics of non-continuity, non-uniformity and mechanical property. However, as a kind of structural body, it also has the systematicness, and the internal components of the system are interrelated and coordinated. A series of physical and mechanical properties of the soil body on the macro level are the concrete performance of the internal micro-structure, and the macroscopic property of the soil body is influenced by the micro-structure state and the change to a certain extent. In order to further understand the relationship between macro and micro and its application in soil mechanics, this paper, on the basis of summarizing the research of the micro-structure of soft soil at home and abroad, aims at the relationship between the micro-porosity and the influencing factors of soft soil and the macro-micro-porosity. The relationship between the average contact area ratio and the average contact area ratio is used to analyze the soil mechanics, and the main research work and results are as follows: (1) By scanning the SEM image of the soft soil, the structure pore of the soft soil is analyzed qualitatively. The three-dimensional porosity calculation model based on the image-Pro Plus (IPP) software is set up, and the three-dimensional porosity calculation formula is derived by the calculus thought, and the three-dimensional pore of the soft soil is quantitatively and statistically analyzed. The correlation between the planar porosity obtained by the two-valued process and the statistical three-dimensional porosity proposed in this paper is analyzed. The results show that the three-dimensional porosity calculation formula proposed in this paper is feasible and the planar porosity obtained by the two-value process is more close to the actual condition of the pores. (2) In order to obtain the reasonable micro-three-dimensional porosity of soft soil, the calculation step distance, the magnification, the threshold size, the size of the analysis area and the like are analyzed and the calculation results of the porosity are analyzed. The results show that the higher the step distance and the higher the precision, it is advantageous to use the step-to-step 2 to balance the calculation capacity and the precision requirement; the magnification factor of the study should be 1200-300 times; the threshold value is related to the magnification factor, the larger the amplification factor and the larger the threshold value should be correspondingly increased, and the area of the analysis area is not It should be too small to effectively reflect that the area area of the entire image information should be 70% of the total area of the image (3) By comparing the relation between the macro porosity and the calculated porosity, the concept of the average contact area ratio of the soft soil is proposed for the first time, and the calculation step distance and the magnification factor are also analyzed., the threshold size, the size of the analysis area, the average contact surface of the soft soil, The results show that the contact area ratio of the soil is related to the porosity, the higher the porosity, the smaller the contact area ratio, and the result is in accordance with the pore distribution. In order to obtain the relation between the macroscopic porosity and the contact area ratio of the soft soil, a large amount of SEM image scanning and indoor geotechnical test of the soft soil in Hangzhou, Ningbo and Fenghua are carried out. The relation between the porosity of the soft soil and the average contact area ratio is obtained, and the relation between the porosity and the average contact area ratio is obtained by using the mathematical statistics method. The relationship between the porosity and the average contact area ratio is obtained by fitting the mathematical statistics method, and the Hangzhou, Ningbo and Fenghua are obtained quantitatively. The equation parameters of the soft soil are given. (5) The contact area ratio of the soil body is taken into account in the seepage and seepage of the soil, and the flow velocity equation of the soil body in consideration of the contact area ratio is obtained, and the seepage force in the seepage and the presence of the seepage outlet are derived by considering the force micro-element of the soil body with the contact area. The calculation formula of the hydraulic gradient of the boundary is that the stress stability obtained by the seepage outlet is composed of three parts, including the penetration force, the friction force and the viscous force, In this paper, the contact area of the soil is introduced in the consolidation analysis, and the non-continuity of the solid solution of the soil is considered, and the effective stress expression considering the contact area is derived, including the one-dimensional consolidation equation considering the macro-micro-relation. and in the soil pressure theory, the contact area of the soil body particles is introduced, the soil pressure of the soil and soil after the contact area is considered is smaller than that of the traditional soil pressure value, the principle of the soil pressure transmission is analyzed, and the seepage and the super-hole are also deduced, (8) The average contact area ratio is introduced into the soil slope stability analysis, and the slope stability analysis method considering the size of the contact area is obtained (the Swedish sub-method and the simplified Bishop method), and the stability of the slope is obtained. The influence of the stability of the slope is combined with the condition of the slope stability. At the same time, the overload of the slope, the buoyancy or the seepage force of the groundwater are established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU442
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