粉末活性炭吸附及強化混凝去除水中嗅味物質(zhì)的效能研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-20 10:26
【摘要】：隨著城市人口數(shù)量的增多以及工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,許多有害的污染物以及化學藥品被肆意地排入江河、湖泊等水體中,造成飲用水源水嚴重的污染,致使水體處于富營養(yǎng)化狀態(tài)。而在富營養(yǎng)化的水體中,大量的藻類能夠產(chǎn)生帶有土霉味的次代謝產(chǎn)物,容易引起水體的異味問題。近年來,飲用水水源地突發(fā)性嗅味污染事件屢次發(fā)生,使飲用水安全性問題得到廣泛關注。水廠常規(guī)工藝一般難以將嗅味物質(zhì)去除,因此有必要探索出一種快速有效地去除水中嗅味物質(zhì)的方法,來應對飲用水水源地突發(fā)嗅味污染事件。本試驗主要以水中致嗅物質(zhì)的典型代表物土臭素(GSM)及2-甲基異莰醇(2-MIB)作為研究對象,對水中嗅味物質(zhì)GSM及2-MIB的分析方法進行了研究,并著重考察了活性炭吸附以及強化混凝對水中嗅味物質(zhì)(GSM、2-MIB)的去除效果。研究表明采用頂空固相微萃取—氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用儀能夠有效地測定水中嗅味物質(zhì),通過試驗建立了嗅味物質(zhì)GSM及2-MIB的標準曲線,其相關系數(shù)都能達到0.99以上,且檢出限均低于10ng/L,該方法操作簡便、靈敏度及準確度高、檢出限低,符合實際水樣的檢測要求。試驗過程中,分別用Freundlich及Langmuir兩種模型對活性炭吸附等溫線進行了擬合,得出Freundlich吸附等溫線模型能夠更好地描述活性炭對嗅味物質(zhì)的吸附過程,其擬合相關系數(shù)均能達到0.9以上;木質(zhì)、煤質(zhì)、椰殼三種粉末活性炭中,木質(zhì)炭對嗅味物質(zhì)GSM及2-MIB的吸附容量及吸附速率最大,其次是煤質(zhì)炭、椰殼炭;通過對吸附動力學的研究,得出活性炭吸附速率最快的時段為前30min,在90~120min之間,吸附基本達到動態(tài)平衡。在一定范圍內(nèi),溫度對活性炭吸附過程影響較小,但從整體情況看,低溫有利于活性炭的吸附;活性炭在堿性條件下對GSM及2-MIB的去除率較高;隨著水力條件的增強,活性炭對嗅味物質(zhì)的去除率越高;水中天然有機物會與嗅味物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生競爭作用,其含量越高,活性炭對嗅味物質(zhì)的去除率越低。常規(guī)工藝對嗅味物質(zhì)的去除率較低,GSM及2-MIB的去除率分別僅為13.91%、19.91%;活性炭吸附強化混凝對水中嗅味物質(zhì)(GSM、2-MIB)的去除率較高,分別可達到90%及77%以上,在此過程中,活性炭吸附去除率占主要比例;改變混凝劑的種類及投加量并不能有效地提高嗅味物質(zhì)去除率;聚合氯化鋁對投炭后水體中的濁度及UV254的去除效果最好;增加活性炭投加量及延長吸附時間能夠有效地提高嗅味物質(zhì)去除率;對水體不同種類及程度的嗅味污染,所需活性炭的投加量也不同。高錳酸鉀強化混凝對嗅味物質(zhì)GSM及2-MIB的去除率較低,GSM和2-MIB的去除率分別僅為20%及30%左右,增加高錳酸鉀的投加量及延長氧化時間并不能提高其對GSM及2-MIB的去除率�；钚蕴颗c高錳酸鉀聯(lián)用強化混凝對嗅味物質(zhì)(GSM、2-MIB)的去除效果較好,但兩者聯(lián)用強化混凝對GSM及2-MIB的去除率低于活性炭單獨吸附強化混凝的去除率。
[Abstract]:With the increase of urban population and the rapid development of industry, many harmful pollutants and chemicals are discharged wantonly into rivers, lakes and other water bodies, resulting in serious pollution of drinking water sources and eutrophication of water bodies. However, in eutrophic water, a large number of algae can produce secondary metabolites with soil mildew, which can easily lead to the problem of odor. In recent years, sudden odour pollution incidents occurred frequently in drinking water sources, which caused widespread concern about the safety of drinking water. It is difficult to remove odorous substances by conventional technology in water plants, so it is necessary to find a method to remove odour substances quickly and effectively in order to deal with the sudden odour pollution in drinking water sources. The analytical methods of odorous substances (GSM and 2-MIB) in water were studied by using (GSM) and 2-MIB, the typical representative of odorous substances in water. The removal of odorous substances (GSM,2-MIB) in water by activated carbon adsorption and enhanced coagulation was investigated. The results showed that the headspace solid-phase microextraction-GC-MS could be used to determine odorous substances in water effectively. The standard curves of GSM and 2-MIB were established, and the correlation coefficients were above 0.99. The detection limit is lower than 10 ng / L, the method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and the detection limit is low. In the course of the experiment, the adsorption isotherms of activated carbon were fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir models, and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model could better describe the adsorption process of odorous substances on activated carbon. The fitting correlation coefficient is above 0.9. Among the three kinds of powdered activated carbon of wood, coal and coconut shell, the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of GSM and 2-MIB were the largest, followed by coal charcoal and coconut shell charcoal. Through the study of adsorption kinetics, it was found that the fastest adsorption rate of activated carbon was in the first 30 mins, and the adsorption reached dynamic equilibrium between 90~120min. In a certain range, the temperature has little effect on the adsorption process of activated carbon, but from the overall situation, the low temperature is favorable to the adsorption of activated carbon, and the removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB is higher under alkaline conditions. With the increase of hydraulic conditions, the removal rate of smelling substances was higher with activated carbon, and the higher the content of natural organic matter in water, the lower the removal rate of smelling substances. The removal rate of odorous substances by conventional process was lower, and the removal rates of GSM and 2-MIB were 13.91 and 19.91 respectively. The removal rate of odorous substances (GSM,2-MIB) in water was higher than 90% and 77% respectively by activated carbon adsorption and enhanced coagulation. In this process, the removal rate of activated carbon was the main one. The removal rate of odorous substances could not be improved effectively by changing the type and dosage of coagulant, and the removal efficiency of turbidity and UV254 in water was the best by polyaluminium chloride. Increasing the dosage of activated carbon and prolonging the adsorption time can effectively improve the removal rate of odorous substances, and the amount of activated carbon needed for different kinds and degrees of odor pollution in water is also different. The removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB by enhanced coagulation with potassium permanganate was lower, and the removal rates of GSM and 2-MIB were only about 20% and 30%, respectively. Increasing the dosage of potassium permanganate and prolonging the oxidation time can not improve the removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB. Enhanced coagulation combined with activated carbon and potassium permanganate had a better removal effect on odorous substances (GSM,2-MIB), but the removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB by combined enhanced coagulation was lower than that by activated carbon alone.
【學位授予單位】：吉林建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU991.2
本文編號：2387864
[Abstract]:With the increase of urban population and the rapid development of industry, many harmful pollutants and chemicals are discharged wantonly into rivers, lakes and other water bodies, resulting in serious pollution of drinking water sources and eutrophication of water bodies. However, in eutrophic water, a large number of algae can produce secondary metabolites with soil mildew, which can easily lead to the problem of odor. In recent years, sudden odour pollution incidents occurred frequently in drinking water sources, which caused widespread concern about the safety of drinking water. It is difficult to remove odorous substances by conventional technology in water plants, so it is necessary to find a method to remove odour substances quickly and effectively in order to deal with the sudden odour pollution in drinking water sources. The analytical methods of odorous substances (GSM and 2-MIB) in water were studied by using (GSM) and 2-MIB, the typical representative of odorous substances in water. The removal of odorous substances (GSM,2-MIB) in water by activated carbon adsorption and enhanced coagulation was investigated. The results showed that the headspace solid-phase microextraction-GC-MS could be used to determine odorous substances in water effectively. The standard curves of GSM and 2-MIB were established, and the correlation coefficients were above 0.99. The detection limit is lower than 10 ng / L, the method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and the detection limit is low. In the course of the experiment, the adsorption isotherms of activated carbon were fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir models, and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model could better describe the adsorption process of odorous substances on activated carbon. The fitting correlation coefficient is above 0.9. Among the three kinds of powdered activated carbon of wood, coal and coconut shell, the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of GSM and 2-MIB were the largest, followed by coal charcoal and coconut shell charcoal. Through the study of adsorption kinetics, it was found that the fastest adsorption rate of activated carbon was in the first 30 mins, and the adsorption reached dynamic equilibrium between 90~120min. In a certain range, the temperature has little effect on the adsorption process of activated carbon, but from the overall situation, the low temperature is favorable to the adsorption of activated carbon, and the removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB is higher under alkaline conditions. With the increase of hydraulic conditions, the removal rate of smelling substances was higher with activated carbon, and the higher the content of natural organic matter in water, the lower the removal rate of smelling substances. The removal rate of odorous substances by conventional process was lower, and the removal rates of GSM and 2-MIB were 13.91 and 19.91 respectively. The removal rate of odorous substances (GSM,2-MIB) in water was higher than 90% and 77% respectively by activated carbon adsorption and enhanced coagulation. In this process, the removal rate of activated carbon was the main one. The removal rate of odorous substances could not be improved effectively by changing the type and dosage of coagulant, and the removal efficiency of turbidity and UV254 in water was the best by polyaluminium chloride. Increasing the dosage of activated carbon and prolonging the adsorption time can effectively improve the removal rate of odorous substances, and the amount of activated carbon needed for different kinds and degrees of odor pollution in water is also different. The removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB by enhanced coagulation with potassium permanganate was lower, and the removal rates of GSM and 2-MIB were only about 20% and 30%, respectively. Increasing the dosage of potassium permanganate and prolonging the oxidation time can not improve the removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB. Enhanced coagulation combined with activated carbon and potassium permanganate had a better removal effect on odorous substances (GSM,2-MIB), but the removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB by combined enhanced coagulation was lower than that by activated carbon alone.
【學位授予單位】：吉林建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU991.2
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