【摘要】：鹵代乙酸(HAAs)是飲用水中含量?jī)H次于鹵代甲烷的第二大類(lèi)DBPs,具有較高致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并且很難降解、揮發(fā),增加了飲用水的水質(zhì)不安全因素。目前,控制HAAs產(chǎn)生的多數(shù)方式主要是去除其前體物及改變消毒劑種類(lèi),而對(duì)已形成的HAAs的去除方式較少,尤其是家用方式對(duì)HAAs的去除效果研究更少,不能促進(jìn)水質(zhì)的進(jìn)一步改善。因此,在水源控制和水廠控制之余同時(shí)研究家用方式對(duì)HAAs的去除效果很有必要。本課題主要研究的常見(jiàn)家用方式包括:煮沸效應(yīng)、微波效應(yīng)、反滲透(RO)膜過(guò)濾效應(yīng)以及紫外降解效應(yīng)等對(duì)七種HAAs的去除效果,同時(shí)考察了不同環(huán)境和操作因素對(duì)HAAs去除效果的影響,并對(duì)其中去除HAAs的有效方式進(jìn)行了一定降解機(jī)理的探索。通過(guò)RO凈水器的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),預(yù)處理吸附濾芯可對(duì)HAAs實(shí)現(xiàn)16%~44%的去除。在理想的低流速或超純水配水環(huán)境中,預(yù)處理柱對(duì)HAAs的去除效果更好。RO膜對(duì)對(duì)七種HAAs均可實(shí)現(xiàn)80%以上的去除,同時(shí)在低壓力自來(lái)水配水中,RO膜對(duì)HAAs的去除效果更好。通過(guò)紫外降解反應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),在實(shí)驗(yàn)指定的光解范圍時(shí)間內(nèi)去除率均達(dá)到了80%。HAAs的鹵代程度越高,鹵代元素的分子量越大,則降解速度越快。水中其它離子如氯離子、硝酸根及碘離子對(duì)HAAs的光解作用影響較小,加入有機(jī)物腐殖酸和提高p H的情況下,則會(huì)明顯抑制HAAs的光解作用,而余氯會(huì)促進(jìn)HAAs的光解作用。一、二鹵代乙酸的光解過(guò)程主要是脫鹵,而三鹵代乙酸光解過(guò)程主要是脫鹵和脫羧。通過(guò)煮沸實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),煮沸只對(duì)三氯乙酸有微弱的去除效果(㩳20%),在自然冷卻更長(zhǎng)的反應(yīng)時(shí)間條件下,三氯乙酸的去除效果可提高至40%,而初始濃度和水中其它物質(zhì)(包括離子和有機(jī)物等)不會(huì)影響煮沸對(duì)HAAs的去除(差別小于5%)。類(lèi)似情況也被微波加熱實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果所證明,即水溶液的加熱甚至煮沸均不能有效去除HAAs這類(lèi)污染物。綜上,本課題嘗試了多種去除HAAs的家庭式方法,發(fā)現(xiàn)了反滲透及紫外降解效應(yīng)對(duì)HAAs的去除較好;而預(yù)處理吸附柱對(duì)HAAs的去除效果一般(㩳50%);而微波和煮沸等加熱過(guò)程對(duì)HAAs的去除效果很差。
[Abstract]:(HAAs) is the second largest type of DBPs, in drinking water after halogenated methane, which has high carcinogenic risk and is difficult to degrade and volatilize, which increases the unsafe factors of drinking water quality. At present, most of the ways to control the production of HAAs are mainly to remove its precursors and change the type of disinfectants, but there are fewer ways to remove the formed HAAs, especially the research on the removal effect of HAAs in the domestic way. It cannot promote further improvement of water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to study the removal effect of HAAs in household mode besides water source control and water plant control. The main household methods studied in this paper include boiling effect, microwave effect, reverse osmosis (RO) (RO) membrane filtration effect and UV degradation effect on the removal of seven kinds of HAAs, such as: boiling effect, microwave effect, reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filtration effect and UV degradation effect. At the same time, the effects of different environment and operation factors on the removal efficiency of HAAs were investigated, and the mechanism of HAAs removal was explored. Through the experiment of RO water purifier, it is found that the pretreated adsorption filter can remove 16% of HAAs. In the ideal environment of low flow rate or ultra-pure water distribution, the pretreatment column can remove HAAs better. RO membrane can remove more than 80% of seven kinds of HAAs, while in low-pressure tap water, RO membrane has better effect on HAAs removal. It was found that the higher the degree of halogenation of 80%.HAAs was, the higher the molecular weight of halogenated elements was and the faster the degradation rate was. Other ions in water, such as chloride, nitrate and iodine ions, have little effect on the photolysis of HAAs. Adding organic humic acid and increasing pH can obviously inhibit the photolysis of HAAs, while residual chlorine can promote the photolysis of HAAs. First, the photolysis process of dihaloacetic acid is mainly dehalogenation, while the photolysis process of trihaloacetic acid is mainly decarbonization and decarboxylation. Through boiling experiment, it was found that the removal efficiency of trichloroacetic acid was only 20%, and the removal efficiency of trichloroacetic acid could be increased to 40% under the condition of longer reaction time of natural cooling. However, the initial concentration and other substances in water (including ions and organic matter) will not affect the removal of HAAs by boiling (the difference is less than 5%). Similarly, the experimental results of microwave heating show that even boiling of aqueous solution can not effectively remove pollutants such as HAAs. In summary, we try a variety of family methods to remove HAAs, and find that reverse osmosis and UV degradation have better removal effect on HAAs, while pretreatment adsorption column has average removal effect on HAAs (? 50%). However, the effect of microwave and boiling heating on HAAs removal is very poor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU991.2

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