PS建筑外墻保溫材料燃燒及火蔓延行為研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-15 14:47
【摘要】：進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái),能源問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為制約社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的主要因素之一,而建筑能耗逐年攀升,因此建筑節(jié)能勢(shì)在必行,應(yīng)用保溫材料是建筑節(jié)能的有效方法。聚苯乙烯(PS)保溫材料具有優(yōu)良的隔熱性能,已被廣泛應(yīng)用于建筑外墻保溫。實(shí)際表明,未經(jīng)阻燃處理的PS保溫材料具有很高的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性,然而,迄今人們對(duì)PS保溫材料的燃燒和火災(zāi)特性的研究還不夠深入全面,特別是該類材料的火災(zāi)特性基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)缺乏,材料自身及外界因素對(duì)其火蔓延影響規(guī)律不明,缺乏合適的耦合多因素影響的火蔓延理論模型。因此,十分有必要研究多參數(shù)影響下PS保溫材料的燃燒和火蔓延行為,并建立相關(guān)火蔓延理論模型。 本文通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和理論分析相結(jié)合的方法,研究了PS保溫材料的燃燒和火蔓延特性規(guī)律,并深入分析了傾斜角度、試樣寬度、試樣厚度、環(huán)境壓力、輻射熱流強(qiáng)度、邊墻、外墻凹型結(jié)構(gòu)和防火隔離帶對(duì)燃燒和火蔓延的影響。通過(guò)開展實(shí)驗(yàn),得到PS保溫材料燃燒和火蔓延特性參數(shù)值,并得到該特性參數(shù)值隨多影響因素的變化規(guī)律。通過(guò)理論分析,建立多參數(shù)耦合作用的PS保溫材料火蔓延模型,得到模型預(yù)測(cè)值或者預(yù)測(cè)趨勢(shì)。最后,將預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相比較,驗(yàn)證模型的可靠性。 通過(guò)開展錐形量熱儀測(cè)試,得到PS保溫材料的燃燒特性數(shù)據(jù),在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了該材料的輻射點(diǎn)燃模型,該模型可用以修正因PS保溫材料受熱收縮引起的點(diǎn)燃時(shí)間的變化；另外,通過(guò)理論分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)擬合得到PS保溫材料點(diǎn)燃時(shí)間平方根的倒數(shù)與輻射熱流強(qiáng)度的線性公式,進(jìn)一步得到PS保溫材料的臨界點(diǎn)燃熱流。發(fā)現(xiàn)了點(diǎn)燃時(shí)間、熱穿透厚度、熱釋放速率、有效燃燒熱、火勢(shì)增長(zhǎng)指數(shù)、總釋放熱和煙氣生成速率隨輻射熱流強(qiáng)度和試樣厚度的變化規(guī)律,并分析了其中機(jī)理。 實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了材料寬度、傾斜角度以及熔融流動(dòng)對(duì)PS保溫材料順流火蔓延的影響規(guī)律,并建立了耦合這些影響因素的PS保溫材料順流火蔓延模型。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)傾斜角度較小時(shí),隨著試樣寬度增加,火蔓延速度先減后增；然而,當(dāng)傾斜角度增大到一定值后,火蔓延速度隨寬度增加先增后減,該現(xiàn)象可用所建的順流火蔓延模型進(jìn)行合理解釋。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)還得到表面火焰高度、池火特性及預(yù)熱區(qū)長(zhǎng)度隨材料寬度和傾斜角度的變化規(guī)律。 本文研究了防火隔離帶對(duì)PS保溫材料豎直順流火蔓延的影響,分析了防火隔離帶切斷火蔓延的機(jī)制,建立了數(shù)學(xué)模型,對(duì)一定材料特征長(zhǎng)度和隔離帶高度工況下,火焰能否越過(guò)隔離帶蔓延至上方進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè)。對(duì)于大部分工況,預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相符,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)還得到防火隔離帶影響下PS保溫材料火蔓延溫度場(chǎng)。研究了凹型外墻結(jié)構(gòu)下PS保溫材料豎直順流火蔓延特性,并建立了火蔓延預(yù)測(cè)模型,預(yù)測(cè)得到隨結(jié)構(gòu)因子(邊墻寬度和保溫材料寬度的比值)增大,無(wú)量綱火蔓延速度(凹型結(jié)構(gòu)存在和不存在時(shí)蔓延速度的比值)隨之增大,但增率呈減小趨勢(shì),這與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果一致,但預(yù)測(cè)值略大于實(shí)驗(yàn)值。 實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了XPS保溫材料豎直逆流火蔓延規(guī)律及其影響因素。通過(guò)改變?cè)嚇訉挾�、厚度、邊墻結(jié)構(gòu)和環(huán)境壓力,研究了這些參數(shù)對(duì)逆流火蔓延的影響規(guī)律,得到火焰高度、質(zhì)量損失速率、材料表面和氣-固相溫度、熔融物生成速率、火蔓延速度隨各影響因素的變化規(guī)律。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),逆流火蔓延速度隨保溫材料厚度增加而增大；無(wú)邊墻時(shí)逆流火蔓延速度隨寬度增加先減后增,有邊墻時(shí)逆流火蔓延速度隨寬度持續(xù)增大,且有邊墻時(shí)的逆流火蔓延速度低于無(wú)邊墻時(shí)的；常壓地區(qū)的蔓延速度大于低壓地區(qū)。綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和理論分析,建立了耦合上述影響因素的XPS保溫材料豎直逆流火蔓延模型,模型預(yù)測(cè)得到的火蔓延速度變化趨勢(shì)和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本相符。 本文研究成果有助于預(yù)測(cè)PS外墻保溫材料火災(zāi)的發(fā)展,為評(píng)價(jià)該材料的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提供了指導(dǎo),進(jìn)一步為PS外墻保溫系統(tǒng)的火災(zāi)安全設(shè)計(jì)奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí),本研究還在一定程度上發(fā)展了火災(zāi)科學(xué)。
[Abstract]:Since the 21st century, the energy problem has become one of the main factors that restrict the sustainable development of the society, and the energy consumption of the building is increasing year by year, so the building energy efficiency is imperative, and the application of the heat-insulating material is an effective method of building energy-saving. The polystyrene (PS) heat-insulating material has excellent heat-insulating property, and has been widely used in the thermal insulation of the outer wall of the building. The fact that the non-flame-retardant PS thermal insulation material has a high fire risk, however, the research on the combustion and fire characteristics of the PS thermal insulation material has not been thoroughly investigated so far, in particular the lack of the basic data of the fire characteristics of the material, The influence of the material itself and the external factors on the fire spread is unknown, and the fire spread theory model with the influence of the appropriate coupling factors is lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to study the combustion and fire spreading behavior of PS insulation materials under the influence of multi-parameters, and to set up a model of relevant fire spread theory. In this paper, the characteristics of combustion and fire propagation of PS thermal insulation materials are studied by means of experimental research and theoretical analysis, and the inclination angle, specimen width, specimen thickness, ambient pressure, radiant heat flow strength, edge, The shadow of the burning and fire spreading of the wall, the concave structure of the outer wall and the fire-proof isolation belt in response to that experiment, the parameter value of the combustion and fire spread characteristic of the PS thermal insulation material is obtain, and the change rules of the characteristic parameter value with the multi-influence factor are obtained. By means of the theory analysis, the fire spread model of PS thermal insulation material with multi-parameter coupling is established to obtain the model prediction value or the prediction trend. and finally, comparing the prediction result with the experimental result, and verifying the reliability of the model. In this paper, the combustion characteristic data of PS thermal insulation material is obtained by carrying out a cone calorimeter test. On this basis, the radiation ignition model of the material is established. The model can be used to correct the change of the ignition time caused by the heat shrinkage of the PS thermal insulation material. In addition, the linear formula of the inverse of the square root of the ignition time of the PS thermal insulation material and the intensity of the radiant heat flow are obtained by theoretical analysis and experimental data fitting, and the critical point of the PS thermal insulation material is further obtained. The ignition time, the heat penetration thickness, the heat release rate, the effective combustion heat, the fire growth index, the total release heat and the flue gas generation rate are found along with the radiant heat flow strength and the thickness of the sample. In this paper, the influence of the material width, the angle of inclination and the flow of the melt on the spread of the current fire of the PS heat-insulating material is studied in this paper, and the co-flow of the PS heat-insulating material with these factors is established. The results show that, when the angle of inclination is small, the propagation speed of the fire increases with the increase of the width of the sample. However, when the inclination angle is increased to a certain value, the propagation speed of the fire increases with the increase of the width, and the phenomenon can be entered by the built-forward fire spreading model. A reasonable explanation is given. The surface flame height, the pool fire characteristic and the length of the preheating zone along with the material width and the inclination angle are also obtained through the experiment. In this paper, the effect of the fire-proof isolation belt on the spread of the vertical and downstream fire of the PS insulation material is studied, the mechanism of the fire-fire spreading of the fire-proof isolation belt is analyzed, the mathematical model is established, and the length and the distance of a certain material are established. The flame can spread over the isolation belt to the height of the belt. The prediction is carried out above. For most of the working conditions, the prediction results are in accordance with the experimental results, and the PS insulation material under the influence of the fireproof isolation belt is obtained through the experiment. In this paper, the propagation characteristic of vertical and downstream fire of PS heat-insulating material under the structure of concave-type exterior wall is studied, and the model of fire-propagation prediction is set up. The prediction is given with the structure factor (the width of the side wall and the width of the heat-insulating material). The increase in the ratio of the degree of non-dimensional fire (the ratio of the presence of the concave structure and the velocity of the propagation at the time of the absence) increases, but the rate of increase is decreasing, which is consistent with the experimental results, but the prediction The value is slightly larger than the experimental value. The vertical countercurrent fire of the XPS insulation material is studied in this paper. The influence of these parameters on the propagation of counter-current fire is studied by changing the width, thickness, side wall structure and ambient pressure of the sample. The flame height, the mass loss rate, the material surface and the gas-solid phase temperature are obtained. the degree of the melt, the rate of the melt formation, the rate of fire propagation, It is found that the propagation velocity of the counter-current fire increases with the increase of the thickness of the heat-insulating material. The velocity of the counter-current fire in the infinite wall increases with the increase of the width. At the time of the side wall, the flow rate of the counter-current fire increases with the width, and the counter-current fire spread at the time of the side wall When the speed is lower than the infinite wall; the cranberry of the normal pressure area. In this paper, the vertical counter-current fire-propagation model of the XPS heat-insulation material, which is coupled with the above-mentioned factors, is established based on the comprehensive experimental research and the theoretical analysis, and the change trend of the fire propagation speed obtained by the model is predicted. The results of this paper can be used to predict the development of the fire of the thermal insulation material in the exterior wall of the PS. In order to provide the guidance for evaluating the fire risk of the material, the fire risk of the thermal insulation system of the PS external wall is further provided. The theory foundation is laid for the safety design. At the same time, the study is still in one
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU551;TU998.1
本文編號(hào)：2380835
[Abstract]:Since the 21st century, the energy problem has become one of the main factors that restrict the sustainable development of the society, and the energy consumption of the building is increasing year by year, so the building energy efficiency is imperative, and the application of the heat-insulating material is an effective method of building energy-saving. The polystyrene (PS) heat-insulating material has excellent heat-insulating property, and has been widely used in the thermal insulation of the outer wall of the building. The fact that the non-flame-retardant PS thermal insulation material has a high fire risk, however, the research on the combustion and fire characteristics of the PS thermal insulation material has not been thoroughly investigated so far, in particular the lack of the basic data of the fire characteristics of the material, The influence of the material itself and the external factors on the fire spread is unknown, and the fire spread theory model with the influence of the appropriate coupling factors is lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to study the combustion and fire spreading behavior of PS insulation materials under the influence of multi-parameters, and to set up a model of relevant fire spread theory. In this paper, the characteristics of combustion and fire propagation of PS thermal insulation materials are studied by means of experimental research and theoretical analysis, and the inclination angle, specimen width, specimen thickness, ambient pressure, radiant heat flow strength, edge, The shadow of the burning and fire spreading of the wall, the concave structure of the outer wall and the fire-proof isolation belt in response to that experiment, the parameter value of the combustion and fire spread characteristic of the PS thermal insulation material is obtain, and the change rules of the characteristic parameter value with the multi-influence factor are obtained. By means of the theory analysis, the fire spread model of PS thermal insulation material with multi-parameter coupling is established to obtain the model prediction value or the prediction trend. and finally, comparing the prediction result with the experimental result, and verifying the reliability of the model. In this paper, the combustion characteristic data of PS thermal insulation material is obtained by carrying out a cone calorimeter test. On this basis, the radiation ignition model of the material is established. The model can be used to correct the change of the ignition time caused by the heat shrinkage of the PS thermal insulation material. In addition, the linear formula of the inverse of the square root of the ignition time of the PS thermal insulation material and the intensity of the radiant heat flow are obtained by theoretical analysis and experimental data fitting, and the critical point of the PS thermal insulation material is further obtained. The ignition time, the heat penetration thickness, the heat release rate, the effective combustion heat, the fire growth index, the total release heat and the flue gas generation rate are found along with the radiant heat flow strength and the thickness of the sample. In this paper, the influence of the material width, the angle of inclination and the flow of the melt on the spread of the current fire of the PS heat-insulating material is studied in this paper, and the co-flow of the PS heat-insulating material with these factors is established. The results show that, when the angle of inclination is small, the propagation speed of the fire increases with the increase of the width of the sample. However, when the inclination angle is increased to a certain value, the propagation speed of the fire increases with the increase of the width, and the phenomenon can be entered by the built-forward fire spreading model. A reasonable explanation is given. The surface flame height, the pool fire characteristic and the length of the preheating zone along with the material width and the inclination angle are also obtained through the experiment. In this paper, the effect of the fire-proof isolation belt on the spread of the vertical and downstream fire of the PS insulation material is studied, the mechanism of the fire-fire spreading of the fire-proof isolation belt is analyzed, the mathematical model is established, and the length and the distance of a certain material are established. The flame can spread over the isolation belt to the height of the belt. The prediction is carried out above. For most of the working conditions, the prediction results are in accordance with the experimental results, and the PS insulation material under the influence of the fireproof isolation belt is obtained through the experiment. In this paper, the propagation characteristic of vertical and downstream fire of PS heat-insulating material under the structure of concave-type exterior wall is studied, and the model of fire-propagation prediction is set up. The prediction is given with the structure factor (the width of the side wall and the width of the heat-insulating material). The increase in the ratio of the degree of non-dimensional fire (the ratio of the presence of the concave structure and the velocity of the propagation at the time of the absence) increases, but the rate of increase is decreasing, which is consistent with the experimental results, but the prediction The value is slightly larger than the experimental value. The vertical countercurrent fire of the XPS insulation material is studied in this paper. The influence of these parameters on the propagation of counter-current fire is studied by changing the width, thickness, side wall structure and ambient pressure of the sample. The flame height, the mass loss rate, the material surface and the gas-solid phase temperature are obtained. the degree of the melt, the rate of the melt formation, the rate of fire propagation, It is found that the propagation velocity of the counter-current fire increases with the increase of the thickness of the heat-insulating material. The velocity of the counter-current fire in the infinite wall increases with the increase of the width. At the time of the side wall, the flow rate of the counter-current fire increases with the width, and the counter-current fire spread at the time of the side wall When the speed is lower than the infinite wall; the cranberry of the normal pressure area. In this paper, the vertical counter-current fire-propagation model of the XPS heat-insulation material, which is coupled with the above-mentioned factors, is established based on the comprehensive experimental research and the theoretical analysis, and the change trend of the fire propagation speed obtained by the model is predicted. The results of this paper can be used to predict the development of the fire of the thermal insulation material in the exterior wall of the PS. In order to provide the guidance for evaluating the fire risk of the material, the fire risk of the thermal insulation system of the PS external wall is further provided. The theory foundation is laid for the safety design. At the same time, the study is still in one
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU551;TU998.1
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