【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,建筑行業(yè)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,超高層建筑在各大城市一次次被刷新,許多復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)形式也不斷涌現(xiàn),在這些結(jié)構(gòu)形式中,鋼管混凝土得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。正確的評(píng)估鋼管混凝土在服役過(guò)程中各方面的性能是結(jié)構(gòu)能夠安全使用的重要保證。對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)性能的評(píng)估主要包括三個(gè)方面：安全性、適用性和耐久性,具體而言包括構(gòu)件的承載力、材料的性能、混凝土的齡期和結(jié)構(gòu)在服役過(guò)程中的健康監(jiān)測(cè)及損傷診斷等。因此,研發(fā)一種能夠同時(shí)用于結(jié)構(gòu)多方面性能監(jiān)測(cè)的智能傳感器具有十分重要的意義。壓電陶瓷具有響應(yīng)速度快、線性關(guān)系好、靈敏度高、價(jià)格低廉、易加工等特點(diǎn),并且同時(shí)兼具激勵(lì)和接收的功能,在土木工程領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛地研究,具有十分廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。研究鋼管混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)在外荷載作用下其內(nèi)部應(yīng)力的分布并進(jìn)行損傷診斷對(duì)研究鋼管混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)在外界動(dòng)態(tài)荷載作用下的性能具有重要的意義。本文基于壓電陶瓷的特性研制了一種高強(qiáng)度智能骨料,用于鋼管混凝土柱中內(nèi)部混凝土的早期強(qiáng)度檢測(cè)、在動(dòng)態(tài)荷載作用下的應(yīng)力監(jiān)測(cè)以及損傷診斷。其具體的工作內(nèi)容主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面：(1)結(jié)合現(xiàn)有智能骨料的特點(diǎn),提出了一種能夠承受高應(yīng)力的智能骨料。闡述了智能骨料的監(jiān)測(cè)原理、構(gòu)造方法,并對(duì)智能骨料進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)和制造,采取正弦加載標(biāo)定模式和沖擊加載標(biāo)定模式完成了對(duì)智能骨料靈敏度的標(biāo)定,得到了各個(gè)智能骨料的靈敏度系數(shù)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：荷載作用下各個(gè)智能骨料的靈敏度高,輸出電荷和輸入荷載線性關(guān)系良好,標(biāo)定方式對(duì)傳感器的靈敏度值影響較小。(2)將研制的壓電智能骨料預(yù)埋至在鋼管混凝土柱的內(nèi)部,通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)混凝土澆筑后一個(gè)月內(nèi)傳感器采集到的信號(hào),對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析并與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的混凝土早期強(qiáng)度檢測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比。分析結(jié)果表明,基于壓電智能骨料的混凝土早期強(qiáng)度檢測(cè)結(jié)果與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果相一致,采取該方法能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)鋼管混凝土的早期強(qiáng)度檢測(cè)。(3)將早期強(qiáng)度監(jiān)測(cè)的鋼管混凝土柱用于本構(gòu)試驗(yàn)研究,在柱子的外表面中心位置分別沿水平和豎直方向布置應(yīng)變片,采取試驗(yàn)機(jī)對(duì)鋼管混凝土柱進(jìn)行加載,記錄并分析智能骨料和應(yīng)變片的輸出數(shù)據(jù)。結(jié)合應(yīng)變片的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變曲線,對(duì)比分析結(jié)果表明,壓電智能骨料能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)鋼管混凝土內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力的監(jiān)測(cè)。(4)對(duì)鋼管混凝土柱采取逐級(jí)加載破壞試驗(yàn),監(jiān)測(cè)柱子在不同加載水平下的破壞程度,結(jié)合幅值分析法和小波包能量分析法對(duì)整個(gè)破壞過(guò)程進(jìn)行分析,建立了損傷指標(biāo)與智能骨料輸出信號(hào)幅值之間的關(guān)系。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,基于壓電智能骨料的損傷監(jiān)測(cè)方法能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)鋼管混凝土柱的損傷監(jiān)測(cè)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the economic development of our country, the construction industry has undergone earth-shaking changes, super-tall buildings have been refreshed time and again in major cities, many complex structural forms have been emerging, in these structural forms, Concrete filled steel tube (CFST) has been widely used. Evaluating the performance of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) in service is an important guarantee for the safe use of the structure. The evaluation of structural performance includes three aspects: safety, applicability and durability, including the bearing capacity of members, the performance of materials, the age of concrete and the health monitoring and damage diagnosis of the structure in service. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an intelligent sensor which can be used to monitor the performance of many aspects of the structure at the same time. Piezoelectric ceramics have the characteristics of fast response, good linear relationship, high sensitivity, low price, easy processing, and have the functions of both excitation and receiving, so it has been widely studied in the field of civil engineering. It has a very broad application prospect. It is of great significance to study the internal stress distribution and damage diagnosis of concrete-filled steel tubular structure under external dynamic loads. Based on the characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics, a kind of high strength intelligent aggregate has been developed for early strength detection, stress monitoring and damage diagnosis in concrete filled steel tube columns. The main contents of its work are as follows: (1) according to the characteristics of existing intelligent aggregate, a kind of intelligent aggregate which can withstand high stress is proposed. The monitoring principle and construction method of intelligent aggregate are expounded, and the intelligent aggregate is designed and manufactured. The sensitivity of intelligent aggregate is calibrated by sinusoidal loading calibration mode and impact loading calibration mode. The sensitivity coefficients of each intelligent aggregate are obtained. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of each intelligent aggregate under load is high, and the linear relationship between the output charge and the input load is good. The calibration method has little effect on the sensitivity of the sensor. (2) the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate is embedded in the column of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST), and the signal collected by the sensor within one month after concrete pouring is monitored. The data are analyzed and compared with the standard early strength test results of concrete. The results show that the early strength test results of concrete based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate are consistent with the standard test results. This method can be used to detect the early strength of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST). (3) the CFST columns with early strength monitoring are used in constitutive tests, and strain gauges are arranged along the horizontal and vertical direction at the center of the outer surface of the columns, respectively. The concrete filled steel tube column was loaded by a testing machine, and the output data of intelligent aggregate and strain gauge were recorded and analyzed. According to the stress-strain curve of strain gauge, the results show that piezoelectric intelligent aggregate can monitor the stress of concrete filled steel tube (CFST) internal structure. (4) the failure test of concrete-filled steel tubular column is carried out step by step. The damage degree of columns under different loading levels is monitored. The whole failure process is analyzed by means of amplitude analysis and wavelet packet energy analysis. The relationship between the damage index and the amplitude of output signal of intelligent aggregate is established. The experimental results show that the damage monitoring method based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate can realize damage monitoring of concrete-filled steel tubular columns.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU398.9

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