【摘要】：隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展,城市的高層建筑和大型構筑物越來越多。由于高層建筑和大型構筑物結構具有高度高、阻尼小、柔度大,且質量較輕等特點,使得其自振頻率與風的卓越頻率十分接近,因此對風荷載的敏感性就會比較大,從而使得風荷載成為高層建筑和大型構筑物在進行設計時的主要控制荷載之一。由于高層建筑發(fā)展迅速、造型日趨復雜,風致災害也常年發(fā)生,因此對于高層建筑風效應的研究已經(jīng)成為備受學者們青睞的研究內(nèi)容之一。故本文中以高層建筑物為工程背景進行風洞試驗,并根據(jù)試驗數(shù)據(jù)對高層建筑的風效應進行了計算與分析:首先,由于高層建筑日趨多樣性,有許多高層建筑在平面上是非對稱的,其振型也是非正交的,其高階振型對于風致響應的影響比較大,在計算分析中應該予以考慮。因此本文中以某高層建筑為工程背景,并結合風洞試驗所測得的建筑表面各測點處的風壓時程數(shù)據(jù),進行了結構風致響應的分析,重點研究了非正交振型的影響。研究結果表明:對于體型非對稱、振型非正交的高層建筑物,只考慮第1階振型計算風致響應時可能會產(chǎn)生比較大的誤差,其前幾階振型對于結構風致響應均有比較大的影響。其次,風致內(nèi)壓在建筑結構及圍護結構的抗風設計中占有較大的比重,內(nèi)壓與外壓的共同作用將導致顯著的峰值風荷載,進而造成低矮房屋、大跨結構屋蓋和圍護結構的破壞。為此,本文以溫州某高層建筑為原型,開展了建筑某中間樓層風致內(nèi)壓的風洞試驗。試驗過程中保留了模型內(nèi)樓板及樓板上隔墻設置,通過立面開孔和內(nèi)部隔墻的門洞,保證空氣的流動,分析了開孔面積大小和來流風向角對立面內(nèi)外壓及樓板內(nèi)壓的影響。對高層建筑風致內(nèi)壓特性的研究,能夠為高層建筑表面風荷載的確定及其抗風設計提供參考。本文還對大型構筑物煤氣柜的風效應進行了相關研究。煤氣柜是一種重要的工業(yè)構筑物,可以存儲幾十萬立方的煤氣,在工業(yè)領域應用較為廣泛,其抗風性能直接關系到企業(yè)的正常生產(chǎn)和城市居民的正常生活,甚至是社會的安定與安全。因此,開展煤氣柜抗風問題的研究有重要的工程意義。本文基于臺風“丹娜絲”影響我國期間對于某地的一座30萬m3煤氣柜進行風致響應的現(xiàn)場實測研究,基于此次現(xiàn)場實測獲得的風場及結構響應的實測數(shù)據(jù),分析煤氣柜各個主要部位的加速度響應,獲得了煤氣柜加速度響應沿柜體分布情況。通過對實測數(shù)據(jù)進行分析得到的實測結果能夠為相同類型的建筑結構的抗風設計及相關研究提供參考。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, there are more and more tall buildings and large structures in cities. Since tall buildings and large structures have the characteristics of high height, small damping, large flexibility and light mass, the natural vibration frequency is very close to the excellent frequency of wind, so the sensitivity to wind load will be greater. Therefore, wind load becomes one of the main control loads in the design of tall buildings and large structures. Due to the rapid development of high-rise buildings, increasingly complex modeling, wind-induced disasters also occur all the year round, so the study of high-rise building wind effect has become one of the most popular research contents. Therefore, the wind tunnel test is carried out on the engineering background of high-rise buildings in this paper, and the wind effects of high-rise buildings are calculated and analyzed according to the test data. Firstly, due to the increasing diversity of high-rise buildings, There are many tall buildings which are asymmetrical in plane and their modes are non-orthogonal. The influence of higher order modes on wind-induced response should be considered in calculation and analysis. Therefore, taking a high-rise building as the engineering background and combining the wind pressure time history data of the measured points on the surface of the building measured by wind tunnel test, the wind-induced response of the structure is analyzed, and the influence of non-orthogonal modes is emphatically studied. The results show that for tall buildings with asymmetric shapes and non-orthogonal vibration modes, only the first order modes may produce relatively large errors in the calculation of wind-induced responses, and the first few modes have a great influence on the wind-induced responses of structures. Secondly, wind-induced internal pressure occupies a large proportion in the wind-resistant design of building structures and enclosure structures. The combined action of internal pressure and external pressure will lead to significant peak wind loads, which will lead to the destruction of low-rise buildings, long-span roof and enclosure structures. In this paper, the wind tunnel test of wind-induced internal pressure of a middle floor is carried out based on a tall building in Wenzhou. In the course of the test, the layout of the floor slab and the partition wall on the floor slab in the model is retained. The air flow is ensured through the opening of the facade and the door hole of the internal partition wall. The influence of the size of the hole area and the wind angle of the orifice on the internal and external pressure of the elevation and the internal pressure of the floor slab are analyzed. The study on the characteristics of wind induced internal pressure of high-rise buildings can provide a reference for the determination of wind load on the surface of tall buildings and the design of wind resistance. The wind effect of large-scale structure gas tank is also studied in this paper. Gas tank is an important industrial structure that can store hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of gas. It is widely used in industrial field. Its wind resistance is directly related to the normal production of enterprises and the normal life of urban residents. Even social stability and security. Therefore, it is of great engineering significance to study the wind resistance of gas tank. This paper is based on the field measurement of the wind-induced response of a 300000 m3 gas tank in a certain place during the influence of Typhoon "Dannas", and based on the measured data of the wind field and the structural response obtained from the field measurement. The acceleration response of the main parts of the gas tank is analyzed and the distribution of the acceleration response along the tank body is obtained. The results obtained from the analysis of the measured data can provide a reference for the wind-resistant design and related research of the same type of building structures.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU973.213

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