發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-05 19:47

【摘要】：2007年至2050年期間,發(fā)展中國(guó)家城市人口比例預(yù)計(jì)將從44%增至67%,而發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家將可能從74%增至86%。傳統(tǒng)規(guī)劃理論與實(shí)踐活動(dòng)多以規(guī)劃人員的主觀意識(shí)為導(dǎo)向,較少考慮規(guī)劃方案與環(huán)境和氣候的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,城市發(fā)展往往伴隨諸多熱環(huán)境問(wèn)題。為營(yíng)造良好的區(qū)域熱環(huán)境,需要在規(guī)劃階段開(kāi)展規(guī)劃方案的預(yù)測(cè)及優(yōu)化工作。為此,本論文以區(qū)域熱環(huán)境為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)熱環(huán)境參數(shù)進(jìn)行了實(shí)測(cè)和模擬研究,以實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域熱環(huán)境參數(shù)快速求解的目的。首先,在重慶大學(xué)虎溪校區(qū)布置下墊面反射率測(cè)點(diǎn)、空氣溫濕度測(cè)點(diǎn)、風(fēng)速風(fēng)向測(cè)點(diǎn)、建筑表面溫度測(cè)點(diǎn)和背景氣象參數(shù)測(cè)點(diǎn),通過(guò)自動(dòng)記錄和流動(dòng)觀測(cè)相結(jié)合的方式對(duì)各測(cè)點(diǎn)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了夏季實(shí)測(cè)。結(jié)果表明:不同類(lèi)型下墊面的反射率相近,平均反射率約為13.2%~27.3%;校區(qū)內(nèi)1.5m高度處空氣溫濕度顯著性相關(guān)(相關(guān)系數(shù)|r|0.95);校區(qū)夏季主要風(fēng)通道處常見(jiàn)風(fēng)速范圍約為0.4~1.2m/s,風(fēng)向無(wú)明顯規(guī)律,主要受風(fēng)向測(cè)點(diǎn)周邊障礙物影響;晴朗天氣時(shí),典型建筑晝間各立面表面溫度受植物遮擋影響,峰值差距約為2~7℃;夜間各立面表面溫度基本一致。陰雨天氣下,各立面全天表面溫度基本相近;草坪和灌木叢上方不同高度處空氣干球溫度和相對(duì)濕度變化趨勢(shì)與草坪溫度變化趨勢(shì)一致,但不同高度處空氣的相對(duì)濕度變化無(wú)明顯規(guī)律性可循。實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)可提供后續(xù)數(shù)值模擬的初始條件,也可用于模擬結(jié)果的驗(yàn)證。其次,從建模的便捷性和時(shí)效性出發(fā),提出單幅圖像建模法,結(jié)合太陽(yáng)輻射簡(jiǎn)化求解模型,建立建筑群熱平衡模型,用于預(yù)測(cè)下墊面和建筑表面溫度分布。同時(shí),立足區(qū)域模型思想,簡(jiǎn)化水平邊界和垂直邊界的熱量和質(zhì)量交換量求解方程,迭代求解空氣流動(dòng)區(qū)域熱環(huán)境參數(shù)。為加快計(jì)算速度,降低程序?qū)τ布?模擬過(guò)程先計(jì)算下墊面和建筑表面溫度分布,然后基于相關(guān)溫度信息求解流動(dòng)區(qū)域空氣干球溫度和風(fēng)速等參數(shù)。最后,對(duì)重慶大學(xué)虎溪校區(qū)東側(cè)區(qū)域進(jìn)行模擬分析。以背景氣象參數(shù)、建筑材料熱物理性能參數(shù)等作為模擬的初始條件。將模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,結(jié)果表明,模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)變化趨勢(shì)一致,誤差在容許范圍內(nèi),證明熱環(huán)境參數(shù)快速求解模型較為合理。本研究為區(qū)域規(guī)劃的熱環(huán)境參數(shù)快速量化求解奠定了理論和應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ),可為區(qū)域規(guī)劃階段開(kāi)展熱環(huán)境質(zhì)量的預(yù)測(cè)及優(yōu)化工作提供有力支撐。
[Abstract]:Between 2007 and 2050, the proportion of the urban population in developing countries is expected to increase from 44 percent to 67 percent, while in developed countries it is likely to increase from 74 percent to 86 percent. The traditional planning theory and practice are mostly guided by the subjective consciousness of the planners and less consider the inherent relationship between the planning scheme and the environment and climate. The urban development is often accompanied by a lot of thermal environmental problems. In order to create a good regional thermal environment, it is necessary to carry out the planning program prediction and optimization in the planning stage. Therefore, this paper takes the regional thermal environment as the research object, carries on the actual measurement and the simulation research to the thermal environment parameter, in order to realize the regional thermal environment parameter quick solution goal. First of all, at the campus of Huxi University of Chongqing University, the sites for measuring the reflectivity of the underlying surface, the air temperature and humidity, the wind speed and direction, the building surface temperature and the background meteorological parameters are arranged. The parameters of each measuring point were measured in summer by the combination of automatic recording and flow observation. The results show that the reflectivity of different types of underlying surfaces is similar, the average reflectivity is about 13.20.3.There is a significant correlation between air temperature and humidity at a height of 1.5m (r = 0.95). The common wind speed range at the main wind passage in summer is about 0.4 ~ 1.2 m / s, and the wind direction has no obvious regularity and is mainly affected by the obstacles around the wind direction measuring point. In sunny weather, the surface temperature of each facade of typical buildings is affected by plant occlusion in the daytime, and the peak value difference is about 2 ~ 7 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2313194