發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-29 14:20

【摘要】：進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來,隨著我國城鎮(zhèn)化的推進(jìn)和居民消費(fèi)水平的提高,能源缺口問題與日俱增,其中建筑能耗在我國能源消耗結(jié)構(gòu)所占比例接近三成且逐年攀升,因此,進(jìn)一步加快房屋建造過程中的可再生能源利用率,發(fā)展高效節(jié)能的綠色建筑是解決當(dāng)前能源缺口問題的有效手段之一。由于不同種類的新型能源在替代常規(guī)能源方面的能力有所差異,而太陽能作為應(yīng)用相對簡單且廣泛存在的一種新型能源,開始在建筑領(lǐng)域逐步得到應(yīng)用,并為綠色建筑的星級(jí)達(dá)標(biāo)起到了舉足輕重的作用。如何認(rèn)識(shí)太陽能利用帶來效益,找到評(píng)價(jià)綠色建筑中太陽能利用狀況匹配的方法,是綠色建筑可再生能源利用評(píng)價(jià)工作合理有效的必由之路。本文在文獻(xiàn)搜集和前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,從建筑的全壽命期角度出發(fā),在研究的過程中明確綜合效益范疇,通過市場調(diào)查、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)、數(shù)學(xué)建模等手段從經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、環(huán)境三方面建立綠色建筑太陽能熱利用系統(tǒng)綜合效益評(píng)價(jià)模型,方便決策人做出正確的決策。其主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)從我國的能源形勢背景入手,梳理太陽能利用的條件和太陽能熱利用系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)體系,并從相關(guān)利益主體效益和影響范圍效益兩個(gè)維度分析綠色建筑太陽能熱利用系統(tǒng)的帶來的效益,最終確定以影響范圍效益作為綜合效益研究的出發(fā)點(diǎn),為下文構(gòu)建綠色建筑太陽能熱利用的綜合效益評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系和量化各級(jí)指標(biāo)提供了依據(jù)。(2)基于建筑的全壽命周期,綜合考慮集熱設(shè)備效率、能源價(jià)格上漲、設(shè)備投資與期末殘值等因素,尤其考慮到了不同季節(jié)太陽能輻射量差異對系統(tǒng)有效利用熱量的影響,對比分析太陽能熱水系統(tǒng)相較于非可再生能源熱水系統(tǒng)的節(jié)能經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,選取凈現(xiàn)值和投資回收期指標(biāo),并進(jìn)行敏感性因素分析,全面深化太陽能熱利用經(jīng)濟(jì)效益模型。(3)通過對比研究和定量定性結(jié)合的方法,分析太陽能熱水系統(tǒng)與電能或天熱氣熱水系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行過程中對自然環(huán)境、居民生活產(chǎn)生的影響,建立太陽能熱利用的環(huán)境效益模型和社會(huì)效益模型,并運(yùn)用上述模型進(jìn)行具體區(qū)域的實(shí)證研究,定量研究建筑生命期內(nèi)該方案的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、環(huán)境效益和社會(huì)效益。(4)在總結(jié)現(xiàn)有評(píng)價(jià)方法特點(diǎn)和明確其使用方法的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合各法的優(yōu)勢,采用層次分析法與熵權(quán)法結(jié)合的AHP-熵權(quán)法給各級(jí)指標(biāo)分配權(quán)重并進(jìn)行修正,建立經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)境、社會(huì)三維的綠色建筑太陽能熱利用綜合效益評(píng)價(jià)模型,合理運(yùn)用定性與定量分析工具實(shí)現(xiàn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果更加符合客觀事實(shí)。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the development of urbanization and the improvement of the consumption level of residents, the problem of energy gap is increasing day by day, among which the proportion of building energy consumption in the energy consumption structure of our country is close to 30% and increasing year by year. One of the effective ways to solve the problem of energy shortage is to speed up the utilization of renewable energy in the process of building houses and to develop green buildings with high efficiency and energy saving. Because of the difference in the ability of different kinds of new energy to replace conventional energy, solar energy, as a relatively simple and widespread new energy source, has been gradually applied in the field of construction. And for the green building star-level standard has played a pivotal role. How to understand the benefits of solar energy utilization and find the method to evaluate the matching of solar energy utilization in green buildings is the only way to evaluate the renewable energy utilization of green buildings reasonably and effectively. On the basis of literature collection and previous studies, from the point of view of the life span of architecture, this paper defines the comprehensive benefit category in the course of the research, through the means of market investigation, mathematical statistics, mathematical modeling and so on, from the economic, social, and so on. The comprehensive benefit evaluation model of green building solar energy thermal utilization system is established in three aspects of environment, which is convenient for decision makers to make correct decision. The main research contents are as follows: (1) from the background of our country's energy situation, combing the conditions of solar energy utilization and the technical system of solar thermal utilization system, The benefit of the solar thermal utilization system of green building is analyzed from the two aspects of the benefit of the main body of interest and the benefit of the scope of influence, and the benefit of the scope of influence is finally determined as the starting point of the comprehensive benefit research. It provides the basis for the following construction green building solar energy thermal utilization comprehensive benefit appraisal index system and the quantification each level index. (2) based on the building life cycle, synthetically considers the collection equipment efficiency, the energy price rises, The equipment investment and the final residual value, especially considering the influence of the solar radiation quantity difference in different seasons on the effective heat utilization of the system, is compared with the energy saving and economic benefits of the solar water heating system compared with the non-renewable energy hot water system. The index of net present value and investment payback period is selected, and sensitivity factor analysis is carried out to comprehensively deepen the economic benefit model of solar thermal utilization. (3) through comparative study and quantitative and qualitative analysis, This paper analyzes the influence of solar hot water system, electric energy or hot gas hot water system on natural environment and residents' daily life, and establishes the environmental benefit model and social benefit model of solar energy thermal utilization. The above models are used to carry out empirical research in specific regions to quantitatively study the economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits of the project in the life cycle of buildings. (4) on the basis of summarizing the characteristics of existing evaluation methods and clarifying their use methods, Based on the advantages of each method, the AHP- entropy method combined with AHP and entropy weight method is used to assign weight and revise the indexes at all levels, and to establish a comprehensive benefit evaluation model of green building solar energy utilization in three dimensions: economy, environment and society. Reasonable use of qualitative and quantitative analysis tools to achieve evaluation results more in line with the objective facts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU201.5;TU18

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