【摘要】：外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)因具有保溫節(jié)能效果好、能有效避免熱橋等優(yōu)勢,在我國嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)建筑保溫隔熱中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。因地區(qū)氣候特點(diǎn)及節(jié)能要求使得保溫材料幾乎占據(jù)了墻體的三分之一,然而大量可燃、易燃的保溫材料置于墻體外側(cè),再加上沒做有效的防火構(gòu)造從而導(dǎo)致其防火性能較差,存在一定的火災(zāi)隱患。雖然從國家到地方先后頒布了外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)防火文件及規(guī)范,但沒有具體的防火構(gòu)造做法,在應(yīng)用上存在不足。本文首先,在國內(nèi)外外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)防火研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合由外保溫引發(fā)的火災(zāi)典型案例分析發(fā)現(xiàn),薄抹灰系統(tǒng)和空腔構(gòu)造以及大量可燃、易燃的有機(jī)外保溫材料是火災(zāi)發(fā)生的直接因素,而沒有防火構(gòu)造措施才是導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)蔓延及失控的主要原因。其次,通過對嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)外保溫系統(tǒng)及材料的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行調(diào)研,分析了外保溫火災(zāi)發(fā)生的三種原因、火災(zāi)的危害性因素并提出了目前外保溫防火在材料選擇、構(gòu)造方式以及施工管理三個方面存在問題,并針對這三個方面提出了與之應(yīng)對的措施,同時強(qiáng)調(diào)了系統(tǒng)整體的防火性能,才是解決該問題的關(guān)鍵。本文第4章以相關(guān)外保溫防火文件及規(guī)范作為理論基礎(chǔ),目前工程中常用的外保溫系統(tǒng)作為設(shè)計參考,總結(jié)了“防火保護(hù)層、防火隔離帶、無空腔構(gòu)造、防火分倉”四種構(gòu)造措施,并根據(jù)不同的保溫材料類型,設(shè)計和探討了相應(yīng)的構(gòu)造大樣。最后結(jié)合一個實際的外墻外保溫案例,從構(gòu)造設(shè)計、材料選擇、施工工藝、工程質(zhì)量驗收過程以及樣板防火模擬試驗來說明和驗證防火保護(hù)層與隔離帶相結(jié)合的構(gòu)造方式,為在建工程及節(jié)能改造工程實踐的設(shè)計、施工提供參考。
[Abstract]:The exterior wall insulation system has been widely used in building insulation and thermal insulation in severe cold areas in China because of its advantages of good heat preservation and energy saving and can effectively avoid heat bridges. Because of the regional climate characteristics and energy saving requirements, the insulation material accounts for almost 1/3 of the wall. However, a large number of flammable and flammable insulation materials are placed outside the wall, plus the lack of effective fire prevention structure results in poor fire resistance. There are certain fire hazards. Although the relevant fire protection documents and specifications have been promulgated successively from the state to the local level, there is no concrete fire prevention construction method, and there are some shortcomings in the application. First of all, on the basis of the current situation of fire prevention of exterior wall thermal insulation system at home and abroad, combined with the analysis of typical fire cases caused by external thermal insulation, it is found that the thin plastering system and cavity construction and a large number of combustible, Flammable organic thermal insulation material is the direct factor of fire, and the main cause of fire spread and runaway is the absence of fire prevention measures. Secondly, through the investigation of the current situation of the application of external thermal insulation system and materials in severe cold areas, the paper analyzes the three causes of external thermal insulation fire, the harmful factors of fire, and puts forward the selection of materials for fire prevention and control of external heat preservation at present. There are three problems in construction mode and construction management, and the corresponding measures are put forward in the light of these three aspects. The key to solve this problem is to emphasize the overall anti-fire performance of the system. The fourth chapter of this paper is based on the relevant external thermal insulation and fire protection documents and codes. At present, the external thermal insulation system commonly used in engineering is used as the design reference, and summarizes the "fire protection layer, fire isolation zone, no cavity construction," According to the different types of thermal insulation materials, the corresponding structural samples are designed and discussed. Finally, combined with an actual case of external thermal insulation of external wall, from structural design, material selection, construction process, engineering quality acceptance process and fire proof simulation test to explain and verify the construction method of fire protection layer combined with isolation zone. It provides a reference for the design and construction of the construction and energy saving reconstruction engineering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU761.12

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