【摘要】：中庭式建筑以其明亮的視覺空間、自然宜人的環(huán)境、結(jié)構(gòu)功能多樣化等特點(diǎn)已經(jīng)成為了當(dāng)下城市化進(jìn)程發(fā)展必然選擇;現(xiàn)在國民精神和素質(zhì)提高的同時(shí),人民對(duì)于圖書館的要求也越來越高。然而中庭式建筑具有縱向貫通多層、內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等特點(diǎn);圖書館具有可燃物較多、人員密度大等特點(diǎn),所以圖書館中庭式建筑一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi),火勢(shì)蔓延將極其迅速,對(duì)人員生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全造成嚴(yán)重威脅。因此,本文著重研究這兩種功能性和結(jié)構(gòu)性的建筑相結(jié)合的火災(zāi)煙氣蔓延特點(diǎn)和火災(zāi)防控的措施。本文采用火災(zāi)動(dòng)力學(xué)軟件FDS建立了中庭式圖書館建筑火災(zāi)模型,對(duì)中庭鄰室區(qū)發(fā)生火災(zāi)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,研究采用不同的中庭及回廊區(qū)排煙方式對(duì)中庭火災(zāi)煙氣的控制作用效果;分析中庭鄰室區(qū)發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí),不同擋煙垂壁高度對(duì)進(jìn)入中庭火災(zāi)的控制作用;在中庭回廊區(qū)加裝細(xì)水霧霧幕和機(jī)械排煙共同作用下,分析不同細(xì)水霧霧幕安裝間距、流量、噴射角度條件下的擋煙效果,以尋求對(duì)圖書館中庭式建筑火災(zāi)煙氣控制的最佳方式。首先,本文第四章采取了兩種排煙模式,四種不同工況對(duì)圖書館中庭鄰室區(qū)發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)排煙效果進(jìn)行對(duì)比。通過對(duì)比分析中庭及回廊各處能見度、一氧化碳濃度、溫度等特性參數(shù)的變化趨勢(shì),確立了最優(yōu)的排煙方式。四種工況下均在防煙樓梯間各層設(shè)置正壓送風(fēng),當(dāng)采取的中庭機(jī)械排煙量為108000m3/h,回廊區(qū)排煙量按照回廊面積每平方米60m3/h時(shí),排煙效果最佳,為人員的逃生提供一個(gè)良好的保障。其次,本文研究了不同高度下的擋煙垂壁對(duì)中庭式圖書館建筑煙氣蔓延的限制作用。筆者建立了無擋煙垂壁和擋煙垂壁高度分別為0.5m、1.0m、1.5m四種工況的火災(zāi)模型,通過對(duì)模擬結(jié)果的對(duì)比分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)擋煙垂壁高度從0.5m增加到1.0m時(shí),圖書館中庭及圖書館其余各層能見度有明顯提升,但擋煙垂壁的高度繼續(xù)增加至1.5m時(shí),對(duì)圖書館的煙氣的控制并無明顯改善,但1.5m高度的擋煙垂壁會(huì)對(duì)起火層回廊區(qū)能見度造成較大影響,由此得出結(jié)論:該回廊式中庭圖書館擋煙垂壁的合理高度應(yīng)為1.0m。最后,本文分析了在機(jī)械排煙和正壓送風(fēng)開啟時(shí)間一定的情況下,在圖書館中庭鄰室區(qū)著火房間外增設(shè)細(xì)水霧霧幕,探求了在中庭回廊區(qū)采用細(xì)水霧霧幕的可行性,并改變不同的細(xì)水霧噴頭流量。通過對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)水霧霧幕的安裝會(huì)使中庭建筑內(nèi)的煙氣得到了優(yōu)化,但單純的增加細(xì)水霧噴頭流量,煙氣的控制效果不會(huì)提升,針對(duì)此圖書館中庭建筑建議采用的噴頭流量為5L/min,能夠達(dá)到較好的煙氣優(yōu)化效果。
[Abstract]:With its bright visual space, natural and pleasant environment, diversified structure and function, atrium architecture has become the inevitable choice for the development of the current urbanization process, and now the national spirit and quality are improved at the same time, The people's demand for libraries is also getting higher and higher. However, the atrium building has the characteristics of vertical multi-storey and complex internal structure, and the library has the characteristics of more combustible materials and high staff density, so once the fire occurs in the library atrium building, the fire will spread very quickly. It poses a serious threat to the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, this paper focuses on the characteristics of fire smoke spread and fire prevention and control measures combined with these two kinds of functional and structural buildings. In this paper, the fire model of the atrium library building is established by using the fire dynamics software FDS, and the numerical simulation of the fire happening in the atrium adjacent room is carried out, and the effect of smoke emission from different atrium and corridor area on the smoke control of the atrium fire is studied. This paper analyzes the control effect of different smoke blocking vertical wall height on the fire in atrium adjacent to the atrium, and analyzes the installation spacing and flow rate of different water mist curtain installation under the combined action of adding water mist curtain and mechanical smoke exhaust in the atrium corridor area. In order to find the best way to control the fire smoke in library atrium building, the smoke control effect under the condition of spray angle. First of all, the fourth chapter of this paper adopts two smoke exhaust modes, four different working conditions to the library in the atrium adjacent to the area of fire smoke exhaust effect is compared. By comparing and analyzing the variation trend of visibility, carbon monoxide concentration and temperature in atrium and corridor, the optimal smoke exhaust method was established. Under the four working conditions, positive pressure air was set up in every floor of the smoke prevention stairwell. When the smoke output of the atrium was 108,000 m3 / h, and the volume of smoke in the corridor area was per square meter 60m3/h, the smoke exhaust effect was the best, which provided a good guarantee for the personnel to escape. Secondly, this paper studies the effect of smoke blocking vertical wall on smoke spread in atrium library. The fire models with the vertical wall height of 0.5 m and the vertical wall height of 0.5 m ~ 1.0 m ~ (-1) m were established by the author. Through the comparison and analysis of the simulation results, it was found that when the vertical wall height was increased from 0.5 m to 1.0 m, The visibility of the atrium and the rest of the library has been significantly improved, but when the height of the vertical wall of the library continues to increase to 1.5 m, there is no significant improvement in the control of the smoke in the library. However, 1.5 m height smoke retaining vertical wall will have a great impact on visibility in the fire gallery area. It is concluded that the reasonable height of smoke retaining vertical wall of the gallery library should be 1.0 m. Finally, this paper analyzes the possibility of using water mist curtain outside the fire room in the adjacent room of the atrium in the library, and explores the feasibility of using the water mist curtain in the atrium corridor area under the condition that the mechanical smoke exhaust and the positive pressure air opening time are fixed. And change the flow of different water mist nozzle. It is found by comparison that the installation of water mist curtain will optimize the smoke in the atrium, but simply increase the flow of water mist nozzle, the control effect of smoke will not be improved. The nozzle flow rate of 5 L / min is suggested for the atrium building in this library, which can achieve a better effect of flue gas optimization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU998.1

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本文編號(hào)：2277674