發(fā)布時間：2018-10-17 07:26

【摘要】：本課題通過查閱文獻、實地調(diào)研、實驗分析和模擬法等,依托水質(zhì)分析技術、DEM技術、GIS技術等多學科技術交叉支撐。對貴州集中式飲用水源地研究,建立科學的水質(zhì)分析實驗方法,定量和定性的分析農(nóng)藥面源污染的污染負荷、遷移途徑,以紅楓湖作為模型原型,建立水質(zhì)響應模型,識別污染物關鍵控制區(qū)域。具體內(nèi)容如下:(1)對貴州省水源地相關資料收集與農(nóng)藥使用現(xiàn)狀調(diào)研,研究了集中式飲用水源地,水廠供水現(xiàn)狀與凈水工藝,水環(huán)境質(zhì)量,土地利用類型、農(nóng)藥施用等相關內(nèi)容。(2)本研究通過實驗方法比選、方案優(yōu)化多次試驗,建立水環(huán)境中多種農(nóng)藥殘留的檢測方法。草甘膦農(nóng)藥指標采用離子色譜法檢測分析方法,毒死蜱農(nóng)藥指標采用氣相色譜法,氣相色譜/質(zhì)普聯(lián)用技術(GC/MS)同時檢測水樣中多種有機氯農(nóng)藥。大部分農(nóng)藥平均加標回收率70.78%-103%,相對標準偏差13.4%。各方法操作簡單、準確度高、靈敏度高、分析速度快適用于貴州省含微污染物地表水農(nóng)藥殘留的檢測。(3)貴州省集中式飲用水源地水體中農(nóng)藥主要以HCHs、甲氰菊酯、三唑酮、百菌清、腐霉利農(nóng)藥為主,農(nóng)藥濃度水平在0.011μg/L~193.046μg/L之間。在空間上,紅楓湖農(nóng)藥污染種類、污染量最多,松柏山水庫與花溪水庫檢出最少。在時間上,污染濃度整體呈現(xiàn),枯水期(12月、1月)豐水期(8月、9月)枯水期(3月、4月)。(4)以紅楓湖為研究對象,利用RS與GIS技術,結合流域DEM和TM遙感影像圖,由ArcGIS軟件提取高程、坡度、覆被植物等相關信息,將紅楓湖劃分成4個小尺度流域,模型模擬后認為,a流域耕地面積廣、坡度20%、侵蝕程度高的桃花園河區(qū)域,是關鍵污染控制區(qū),降雨徑流對小流域農(nóng)藥面源污染水平有較大的影響。
[Abstract]:This subject relies on the cross support of water quality analysis technology, DEM technology, GIS technology and so on through consulting literature, field investigation, experimental analysis and simulation. Based on the study of the centralized drinking water source in Guizhou province, a scientific experimental method of water quality analysis was established, and the pollution load and migration path of pesticide non-point source pollution were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The response model of water quality was established with Hongfeng Lake as the model prototype. Identify critical control areas for pollutants. The specific contents are as follows: (1) the collection of relevant data and the status quo of pesticide use in water sources of Guizhou Province were investigated, and the centralized drinking water sources, water supply status and water purification technology, water environment quality, land use types were studied. Pesticide application and other related contents. (2) the method of pesticide residue detection in water environment was established by comparison and selection of experimental methods and optimization of several experiments. Glyphosate pesticide index was detected by ion chromatography, chlorpyrifos pesticide index by gas chromatography, gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS) simultaneous detection of a variety of organochlorine pesticides in water samples. The average recoveries of most pesticides were 70.78 and 103, and the relative standard deviation was 13.4. Each method has the advantages of simple operation, high accuracy and high sensitivity, and is suitable for the determination of pesticide residues in surface water containing micro-pollutants in Guizhou province. (3) HCHs, methanthrin and triazolone are the main pesticides in the water of centralized drinking water source in Guizhou Province. The concentration of chlorothalonil was between 0.011 渭 g/L~193.046 渭 g / L and 0.011 渭 g/L~193.046. In space, the species of pesticide pollution in Hongfeng Lake is the most, and the pollution amount is the least in Songbai Mountain Reservoir and Huaxi Reservoir. In time, the pollution concentration was presented as a whole. In the dry season (December, January), the high water season (August, September) and the dry season (March, April). (4) were used to study Hongfeng Lake. The remote sensing images of DEM and TM were combined with the techniques of RS and GIS. The Hongfeng Lake was divided into four small scale watershed by ArcGIS software, such as elevation, slope, mulching plant, etc. After the model simulation, it was concluded that a watershed has a wide cultivated area, a gradient of 20, and a high degree of erosion in the Taohuayuan River area. It is a key pollution control area, and rainfall runoff has a great influence on the pollution level of pesticides in small watershed.
【學位授予單位】：貴州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU991.15

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