【摘要】：我國農(nóng)作物秸稈資源非常豐富,但利用率較低大部分秸稈被直接棄置或焚燒,不僅造成資源的浪費(fèi)而且其煙霧灰塵嚴(yán)重污染了大氣環(huán)境。因此,對(duì)秸稈資源的合理開發(fā)利用具有重大現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文以稻草秸稈為研究對(duì)象,利用自主研發(fā)的無機(jī)膠黏劑作為粘結(jié)劑,采用冷壓成型工藝制備了秸稈板基材,較系統(tǒng)研究了刨花形態(tài)、膠草比、密度及板材結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)秸稈板物理力學(xué)性能的影響規(guī)律；并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)秸稈板貼面以開發(fā)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)地板,通過單因素和正交試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)研究了改性無機(jī)膠黏劑的涂膠量、熱壓溫度、熱壓時(shí)間和熱壓壓力對(duì)復(fù)合材物理力學(xué)性能的影響規(guī)律,獲得優(yōu)化的環(huán)保地板用秸稈基木質(zhì)復(fù)合材工藝；最后,采用錐形量熱儀、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)儀對(duì)復(fù)合材的燃燒性能和導(dǎo)熱性能進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),并同掃描電鏡從微觀上觀察了復(fù)合材膠合界面形貌。本研究的主要結(jié)論具體如下：(1)不同膠草比、原料形態(tài)、密度及板材結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)秸稈板的物理力學(xué)性能均有顯著影響：隨著膠草比的增大,秸稈板的靜曲強(qiáng)度(MOR)和彈性模量(MOE)均先增大后減小,秸稈板的內(nèi)結(jié)合強(qiáng)度(IB)均呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,吸水厚度膨脹率(TS)則呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢；在同等施膠量的情況下,不同粗細(xì)料秸稈板MOR和MOE從大到小依次為：粗料、混合料、細(xì)料,IB從大到小而2hTS從小到大依次為：混合料、細(xì)料、粗料；模擬秸稈板的密度與MOR、MOE、IB和TS回歸方程分別為y=19.148x-2.9411、y=3711.495x-343.1512、y=1.902x-1.0521和y=-2.336x+4.7060,相關(guān)系數(shù)表明密度與各指標(biāo)均是密切線性相關(guān)；同等細(xì)粗料比例下單層結(jié)構(gòu)的MOR和MOE均比三層結(jié)構(gòu)大,單層結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)結(jié)合強(qiáng)度和抑制厚度膨脹也比三層結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)。(2)單因素試驗(yàn)和正交工藝優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)表明：采用涂膠量為300g/m2、熱壓溫度為120℃、熱壓時(shí)間為18min、熱壓壓力為1.8MPa作為工藝參數(shù),地板用單層秸稈基木質(zhì)復(fù)合材的各項(xiàng)性能最優(yōu)：含水率8%、MOR為49.2MPa、MOE為5600MPa、IB為1.15MPa、2hTS為1.56%、SB為0.96MPa、Ⅲ類Ⅱ類膠層均無剝離。(3)單因素試驗(yàn)和正交工藝優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)表明：采用涂膠量為300-m2、熱壓溫度為120℃、熱壓時(shí)間為18min、熱壓壓力為1.8MPa作為工藝參數(shù),地板用雙層秸稈基木質(zhì)復(fù)合材的各項(xiàng)性能最優(yōu)：含水率8.8%、MOR為53.4MPa、MOE為6120MPa、IB為1.25MPa.2hTS為2.02%、SB為0.94MPa、Ⅲ類II類膠層均無剝離。(4)雙層秸稈基木質(zhì)復(fù)合材的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)比單層秸稈基木質(zhì)復(fù)合材降低了21.7%,而單層秸稈基木質(zhì)復(fù)合材的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)比基材秸稈板只降低了3.4%；兩種不同結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合材的熱釋放速率(HRR)、pk-HRR、熱釋放總量(THR)、煙釋放速率(SPR)、總煙釋放量(TSP)及質(zhì)量損失速率(MLR)均遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于普通膠合板的值；雙層秸稈基木質(zhì)復(fù)合材靜力彎曲試件主要表現(xiàn)為三種破壞形式：斷裂型、剪切型和混合型,其中主要以混合型破壞形式為主；適量的膠黏劑在合適的熱壓成型條件下,可以使膠黏劑滲透進(jìn)入單板的多孔性結(jié)構(gòu)中,形成力學(xué)嵌合或與細(xì)胞壁中聚合物成分形成化學(xué)連接,有利于提高界面層材料的力學(xué)強(qiáng)度和尺寸穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:The crop straw resources in our country are very abundant, but the utilization rate is lower, most of the straws are disposed directly or incinerated, not only the waste of the resources is caused, but also the smoke dust seriously pollutes the atmospheric environment. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for rational exploitation and utilization of straw resources. In this paper, using straw as the research object, using the self-developed inorganic adhesive as the binding agent, the straw board base material was prepared by cold press forming technology, and the influence of wood shaving morphology, grass ratio, density and plate structure on the physical and mechanical properties of straw board were studied systematically. On the basis of this, two kinds of structural floors were developed to develop two kinds of structural floors. Through single factor and orthogonal test system, the influence of the application amount, hot pressing temperature, hot pressing time and hot pressing pressure on the physical and mechanical properties of the composite material were studied. A straw-based wood composite material process for environmental protection floor was obtained. Finally, the combustion performance and thermal conductivity of the composite material were evaluated by using a cone calorimeter and a thermal conductivity meter, and the interface morphology of the composite material was observed with the SEM. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) The material morphology, density and plate structure have a remarkable effect on the physical and mechanical properties of straw board. The inner bonding strength (IB) of the straw board presents an upward trend, and the water absorption thickness expansion rate (TS) presents a downward trend; in the case of the same sizing amount, the straw boards MOR and MOE of different thicknesses are in the following order: coarse material, mixed material, fine material, The regression equations of the density and MOR, MOE, IB and TS of the simulated straw plate were y = 19. 148x-2.9411, y = 3711. 495x-343. 1512, y = 1.902x-1.0521 and y =-2.3336x + 4.7060, respectively. The MOR and MOE of the single-layer structure are larger than that of the three-layer structure, and the inner bonding strength and the restraining thickness expansion of the single-layer structure are also stronger than that of the three-layer structure. (2) The single factor test and the orthogonal process optimization test show that the application amount is 300g/ m2, the hot pressing temperature is 120 DEG C, the hot pressing time is 18min, the hot pressing pressure is 1. 8MPa as the process parameter, the performance of the single-layer straw-based wood composite material for the floor is optimal: the water content is 8%, the MOR is 49. 2MPa, The MOE is 5600MPa, IB is 1. 15MPa, 2hTS is 1. 56%, SB is 0. 96MPa, class III class II glue layer is free of peeling. (3) The single factor test and the orthogonal process optimization test show that the hot pressing temperature is 300-m2, the hot pressing temperature is 120 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2268654