低濁度原水凈化工藝運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-04 22:11
【摘要】：隨著水源水污染和水資源匱乏狀況的加劇,越來越多的凈水廠采用湖庫水作為水源,由于長(zhǎng)期的靜沉作用使得湖庫水濁度普遍較低,給凈水廠的處理帶來了困難;許多水廠在最初建設(shè)時(shí)是按照河流水水質(zhì)處理進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的,水源由河流水切換成湖庫水后,原工藝往往難以適應(yīng)原水水質(zhì)的變化;新《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB5749-2006)的全面實(shí)施給廣泛采用傳統(tǒng)工藝的凈水廠帶來了新的挑戰(zhàn)。以上三方面都對(duì)目前的凈水廠處理工藝提出了新的要求。為了解低濁度原水凈化工藝運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀,尋找到不同地區(qū)更有效處理低濁度水源水的工藝組合,本文首先通過面上調(diào)研,收集了東北、華北、西北、西南、華東、華中和華南七個(gè)地區(qū)41座以地表水作為水源的凈水廠的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),包括水廠規(guī)模、水源類型、處理工藝、運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀和廢水處置情況。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):低濁度水源又可以分為三類,常規(guī)低濁水、低溫低濁水和微污染低濁水。三類低濁度原水凈化工藝主要有六種:傳統(tǒng)工藝、平流/斜管與氣浮池聯(lián)用、氣浮池、澄清池、高密池、和預(yù)處理及深度處理組合。常規(guī)處理工藝占30%,另外有63.6%的水廠采用了預(yù)處理或深度處理工藝,其中71.4%水廠預(yù)處理或深度處理集中在2008年以后建設(shè)。低濁度水源水處理,新建澄清工藝主要有單模塊和多模塊組合有兩種形式。單模塊形式是指對(duì)沉淀單元重建,替換為新型澄清工藝,帶有泥渣回流的澄清池、高密池成為主流工藝;多模塊組合形式在混凝單元前增加預(yù)處理或在過濾單元后增建深度處理。改建澄清工藝在沉淀單元原有的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行部分改造,氣浮池是改建的主要選擇工藝;后續(xù)增加深度處理也是水廠提標(biāo)改造的一種趨勢(shì)。對(duì)于沿用傳統(tǒng)澄清工藝的水廠,深入挖掘現(xiàn)有工藝潛力,通過優(yōu)選混凝劑,使用粉末活性炭、增設(shè)泥渣回流等方法強(qiáng)化澄清工藝的處理能力。針對(duì)低濁度水源水質(zhì)特征,調(diào)研結(jié)果顯示,單模塊形式多用于處理常規(guī)低濁水或低溫低濁水;原水低濁微污染的凈水廠,一般采用多模塊新建方案,尤其是增建深度處理工藝。維持傳統(tǒng)工藝的凈水廠一般采用多種方法挖潛以保障出水水質(zhì)。通過調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)得到,33座以低濁水為原水的凈水廠中有22座水廠采用了廢水回用工藝,其中只有2座將廢水處理后回用,在20座將廢水直接回用的水廠中有80%采用了分流回用。其中有81.8%的回用工藝建于2000年以后,主要集中在2006~2010年,可能是因?yàn)檫@段時(shí)間內(nèi)許多水廠為應(yīng)對(duì)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了工藝改造,同時(shí)完善了廢水處理工藝,但是多數(shù)水廠的廢水處理系統(tǒng)停運(yùn)。為進(jìn)行更深入的研究,后期篩選了原水代表三類低濁水的4座典型水廠通過問詢、核實(shí)和實(shí)測(cè)進(jìn)行深入調(diào)研。其中A水廠原水屬于常規(guī)低濁水,采用廢水回用工藝;B水廠原水屬于常規(guī)低濁水,未進(jìn)行廢水回用;C水廠原水屬于低溫低濁水;D水廠原水屬于微污染低濁水。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),廢水回用可以消除低濁水引起的藥耗增加問題,A水廠在低濁期PAC投加量?jī)H為10.42mg/L;水源濁度低時(shí),供水負(fù)荷低于設(shè)計(jì)負(fù)荷的60%,B水廠平均生產(chǎn)負(fù)荷為設(shè)計(jì)負(fù)荷的56.6%,管式混合器混合效果差,混凝劑的使用量偏高;低溫低濁的北方C廠,PAC的投加量高達(dá)70mg/L,是混凝劑使用量最高的水廠,C廠的廢水回用工藝建而未用;D水廠原水低濁且受到污染嚴(yán)重,水廠增加混凝劑用量保障出水水質(zhì),廢水水量大,2011年平均耗水率達(dá)9.4%,后期采用a+C+b的多模塊組合形式,增加預(yù)處理和深度處理以期改善出水水質(zhì)�？傊�,以低濁度水為水源的凈水工藝,通過建設(shè)帶有泥渣回流系統(tǒng)的澄清工藝提高水質(zhì),也可通過優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)廢水回流改善混凝效果;對(duì)于原水水質(zhì)遭受到污染的水廠,則要通過增加預(yù)處理和深度處理單元強(qiáng)化污染物的去除。
[Abstract]:With the aggravation of water pollution and shortage of water resources, more and more water purification plants adopt lake reservoir water as water source. In the initial construction, many waterworks are designed according to the water quality treatment of rivers, and the original process is often difficult to adapt to the change of raw water quality after the water is switched from river water to lake reservoir water. The full implementation of the New Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006) poses new challenges to the widespread adoption of traditional processes. The above three aspects put forward new requirements for the current treatment process of water purification plants. In order to find out the present situation of low turbidity raw water purification process and find a process combination for treating low turbidity water source water more effectively in different regions, this paper first collects the Northeast, North China, Northwest, Southwest and East China through investigation on the surface. The foundation data of 41 water purification plants with surface water as water source, including the scale of water plant, type of water source, treatment process, operation status and disposal of waste water, are the foundation data of 41 water purification plants with surface water as water source in seven regions of Central China and South China. It has been found that the low-turbidity water source can be divided into three types: conventional low-turbidity water, low-temperature low-turbidity water and micro-polluted low-turbidity water. There are six kinds of low turbidity raw water purification processes: the traditional process, advection/ inclined pipe combined with air flotation cell, air flotation cell, clarification tank, high density pool, and pretreatment and depth treatment combination. The conventional treatment process is 30%, and 63. 6% of the water works adopt pre-treatment or depth treatment, of which 71. 4% of the water plant pretreatment or depth treatment has been built after 2008. The water treatment of low turbidity water source has two forms: single module and multi-module combination. The form of a single module refers to the reconstruction of the precipitation unit, replacement of a new clarification process, a clarification tank with mud residue reflux, a high-density tank as the main flow process, and a multi-module combined form adding pretreatment before the mixing unit or adding depth treatment after the filtering unit. The reconstruction and clarification process is partially modified on the original basis of the sedimentation unit, and the air flotation tank is the main selection process of the reconstruction; the subsequent increase of the depth treatment is also a trend of the upgrading of the water treatment of the water plant. For the water plant which follows the traditional clarification process, the existing process potential is deeply excavated, and the processing capacity of the clarification process is strengthened by using the method of optimizing the coagulant, using powdered activated carbon, adding mud residue reflux and the like. According to the water quality characteristics of low turbidity water source, the results show that the single module is used to treat the conventional low-turbidity water or low-temperature low-turbidity water; the water purification plant with low turbidity and micro-pollution of raw water generally adopts multi-module newly-built scheme, especially the construction of additional depth treatment process. The water purification plant which maintains the traditional process generally adopts a variety of methods to tap the potential to ensure the water quality of the effluent. According to the survey data, there are 22 water plants in the water treatment plant with low turbidity water as raw water, and the wastewater reuse process is adopted, of which only 2 waste water is reused, and 80% of the water plants which are directly returned to the waste water are used for shunting back in 20 seats. 81. 8% of the back-up process was built in 2000, mainly in 2006-2010, probably because many water plants in this period have undergone process modification to meet the new standards, and the wastewater treatment process is improved, but the waste water treatment system of most water works is stopped. In order to carry out more in-depth research, four typical water plants with low turbidity water representing three types of low turbidity water were screened in the later stage to conduct in-depth investigation through query, verification and actual measurement. The raw water of A water plant belongs to the conventional low-turbidity water and adopts a waste water recycling process; the raw water of the water treatment plant belongs to the conventional low-turbidity water; the raw water of the water treatment plant belongs to low-temperature and low-turbidity water; and the raw water of the D water plant belongs to micro-polluted low-turbidity water. It was found that the wastewater reuse can eliminate the increase of drug consumption caused by low turbidity water. The water supply load is only 10. 42mg/ L when the water source turbidity is low. When the turbidity of the water source is low, the water supply load is lower than 60% of the design load. The average production load of the water plant is 56. 6% of the design load. The mixing effect of the tubular mixer is poor, the consumption of the coagulant is high, and the dosage of the coagulant is high; the dosage of the PAC is high to 70mg/ L, the dosage of the PAC is high to 70mg/ L, and the waste water of the C plant is not used for construction; the raw water of the D water plant is low and the pollution is serious, The water quality of effluent is ensured by increasing coagulant dosage in waterworks, and the average water consumption rate in 2011 is 94.4%. In the later stage, a multi-module combination of a + C + b is adopted to increase pretreatment and depth treatment so as to improve the water quality of effluent. In short, the water purification process with low turbidity water as the water source can improve the water quality by constructing a clarification process with a mud residue reflux system, and can improve the mixing effect by optimizing the reflux of the production wastewater; and for the water plant polluted by the raw water quality, the removal of contaminants is to be enhanced by increasing the pretreatment and depth processing units.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.2
本文編號(hào)：2252070
[Abstract]:With the aggravation of water pollution and shortage of water resources, more and more water purification plants adopt lake reservoir water as water source. In the initial construction, many waterworks are designed according to the water quality treatment of rivers, and the original process is often difficult to adapt to the change of raw water quality after the water is switched from river water to lake reservoir water. The full implementation of the New Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006) poses new challenges to the widespread adoption of traditional processes. The above three aspects put forward new requirements for the current treatment process of water purification plants. In order to find out the present situation of low turbidity raw water purification process and find a process combination for treating low turbidity water source water more effectively in different regions, this paper first collects the Northeast, North China, Northwest, Southwest and East China through investigation on the surface. The foundation data of 41 water purification plants with surface water as water source, including the scale of water plant, type of water source, treatment process, operation status and disposal of waste water, are the foundation data of 41 water purification plants with surface water as water source in seven regions of Central China and South China. It has been found that the low-turbidity water source can be divided into three types: conventional low-turbidity water, low-temperature low-turbidity water and micro-polluted low-turbidity water. There are six kinds of low turbidity raw water purification processes: the traditional process, advection/ inclined pipe combined with air flotation cell, air flotation cell, clarification tank, high density pool, and pretreatment and depth treatment combination. The conventional treatment process is 30%, and 63. 6% of the water works adopt pre-treatment or depth treatment, of which 71. 4% of the water plant pretreatment or depth treatment has been built after 2008. The water treatment of low turbidity water source has two forms: single module and multi-module combination. The form of a single module refers to the reconstruction of the precipitation unit, replacement of a new clarification process, a clarification tank with mud residue reflux, a high-density tank as the main flow process, and a multi-module combined form adding pretreatment before the mixing unit or adding depth treatment after the filtering unit. The reconstruction and clarification process is partially modified on the original basis of the sedimentation unit, and the air flotation tank is the main selection process of the reconstruction; the subsequent increase of the depth treatment is also a trend of the upgrading of the water treatment of the water plant. For the water plant which follows the traditional clarification process, the existing process potential is deeply excavated, and the processing capacity of the clarification process is strengthened by using the method of optimizing the coagulant, using powdered activated carbon, adding mud residue reflux and the like. According to the water quality characteristics of low turbidity water source, the results show that the single module is used to treat the conventional low-turbidity water or low-temperature low-turbidity water; the water purification plant with low turbidity and micro-pollution of raw water generally adopts multi-module newly-built scheme, especially the construction of additional depth treatment process. The water purification plant which maintains the traditional process generally adopts a variety of methods to tap the potential to ensure the water quality of the effluent. According to the survey data, there are 22 water plants in the water treatment plant with low turbidity water as raw water, and the wastewater reuse process is adopted, of which only 2 waste water is reused, and 80% of the water plants which are directly returned to the waste water are used for shunting back in 20 seats. 81. 8% of the back-up process was built in 2000, mainly in 2006-2010, probably because many water plants in this period have undergone process modification to meet the new standards, and the wastewater treatment process is improved, but the waste water treatment system of most water works is stopped. In order to carry out more in-depth research, four typical water plants with low turbidity water representing three types of low turbidity water were screened in the later stage to conduct in-depth investigation through query, verification and actual measurement. The raw water of A water plant belongs to the conventional low-turbidity water and adopts a waste water recycling process; the raw water of the water treatment plant belongs to the conventional low-turbidity water; the raw water of the water treatment plant belongs to low-temperature and low-turbidity water; and the raw water of the D water plant belongs to micro-polluted low-turbidity water. It was found that the wastewater reuse can eliminate the increase of drug consumption caused by low turbidity water. The water supply load is only 10. 42mg/ L when the water source turbidity is low. When the turbidity of the water source is low, the water supply load is lower than 60% of the design load. The average production load of the water plant is 56. 6% of the design load. The mixing effect of the tubular mixer is poor, the consumption of the coagulant is high, and the dosage of the coagulant is high; the dosage of the PAC is high to 70mg/ L, the dosage of the PAC is high to 70mg/ L, and the waste water of the C plant is not used for construction; the raw water of the D water plant is low and the pollution is serious, The water quality of effluent is ensured by increasing coagulant dosage in waterworks, and the average water consumption rate in 2011 is 94.4%. In the later stage, a multi-module combination of a + C + b is adopted to increase pretreatment and depth treatment so as to improve the water quality of effluent. In short, the water purification process with low turbidity water as the water source can improve the water quality by constructing a clarification process with a mud residue reflux system, and can improve the mixing effect by optimizing the reflux of the production wastewater; and for the water plant polluted by the raw water quality, the removal of contaminants is to be enhanced by increasing the pretreatment and depth processing units.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.2
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條
1 張良純;張建國(guó);方素梅;;水平管沉淀技術(shù)用于低溫低濁水廠改造[A];飲用水安全控制技術(shù)會(huì)議暨中國(guó)土木工程學(xué)會(huì)水工業(yè)分會(huì)給水委員會(huì)第13屆年會(huì)論文集[C];2013年
，本文編號(hào)：2252070
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