【摘要】：經(jīng)濟與文化的發(fā)展,促使人們的對建筑的功能需求和審美需求持續(xù)提高,進而要求著建筑師的創(chuàng)新意識必須緊跟腳步。在這樣的背景下,傳統(tǒng)建筑材料的新使用與新組合在設計中不斷萌生,新型建筑材料在科技的催生下如雨后春筍般涌現(xiàn)。建筑師對材料的使用如何達到符合建筑文本的意蘊表達,是建筑師們需要研究的問題。然而,在這樣大量的材料信息之中,如何選用適當?shù)牟牧险Z匯以表達自己的建筑理念,構(gòu)成建筑形象,營造建筑氛圍是許多建筑師比較困惑的事情,本文正是從材料感知為基礎入手,說明材料在建筑空間以及形式中提供自然感知的表達效果,以及材料在建筑中的自我解析的表達效果。在這一研究過程中,我們首先說明了觀者采集并消化理解建筑所表達的信息的基礎過程——感知,拆解了感知中存在的過程并與建筑材料相融合聯(lián)系,說明材料具有生理性知覺、心理性詮釋以及概念性認知。認知貫穿在感知全過程當中,以注意力的方式引導著知覺對于材料表面質(zhì)感的信息采集,以“前理解”的存在影響著材料語義的詮釋,并通過物質(zhì)信息與個人理解的綜合處理,整合了材料的認知概念的形成。建筑材料作用在建筑的空間、形式的抽象概念之上時,其表達內(nèi)容的呈現(xiàn)不僅僅是表面的視覺屬性,且存在一種以詮釋概念為基礎的整體的自然感知。這種感知內(nèi)容是以知覺為基礎的,但并不以知覺為終止,而是在知覺信息基礎上的升華。在純粹追求建筑空間與形式組合時,現(xiàn)代建筑師愿意將材料的表面視覺屬性消減處理以屏蔽材料所擁有的這種自然感知,從而能夠?qū)⒔ㄖ臻g、建筑形式的概念凸顯出來。而在不回避建筑材料對觀者的感知影響時,觀者認知中材料的整體概念在空間與建筑形象表達過程當中產(chǎn)生作用,以其詮釋內(nèi)涵和象征意義在統(tǒng)領著整個空間與建筑形象的感知定位。此外,由于一些材料的特殊性,其本身可以不拘束于建筑的內(nèi)外空間界面,而是交融在空間之間進行其感知貢獻,形成空間邊界的柔化,締造空間之間的層次,甚至營造出虛幻的空間感知來。而在現(xiàn)今的建筑設計之中,材料開始不僅僅扮演構(gòu)成空間和建筑形象的語匯的角色,在許多建筑的表達之中,建筑師對于建筑材料的重視和設計使材料本身足夠成為建筑文本的中心與亮點。這時,建筑師對材料的分析和重構(gòu),使材料表達出了非其自然感知的解析性感知,讓其脫離了建筑的空間表達,而進行自我的表達,并以“詮釋學循環(huán)”的過程,以部分的意義代表著建筑的整體。材料的解析感知,是一個以挑戰(zhàn)材料在認知結(jié)構(gòu)中擁有的認知概念而引起觀者注意力的非自然的表達過程。由于材料本身的表面與空間兩種屬性,這種解析后的異化可能在建筑材料表面質(zhì)感上產(chǎn)生,也可能在其使用與建造方式中產(chǎn)生,或者是抽象的材料的詮釋與認知概念的形成過程中產(chǎn)生�？傊�,無論是為建筑的空間和形式增添感知意趣,或者是表現(xiàn)自身的特殊設計成為建筑當中的景致,建筑材料在建筑中的感知表達,都擁有重要的意義。那么反過來,建筑師們在敘述自己的建筑時,所選建筑材料的認知是否符合其建筑要表達的意義,又是否要在材料的設計上別具匠心而讓材料應用成為建筑形象的引領,是必須在材料語匯的選用與設計前“斟字酌句”的。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and culture, people's functional and aesthetic needs for architecture have been continuously improved, which requires architects'innovative consciousness to keep pace with each other. Under such a background, the new use and combination of traditional building materials have been sprouting up in the design, and new building materials have sprung up like bamboo shoots after the birth of Science and technology. Nowadays, how architects use materials to express the meaning of architectural texts is a problem that architects need to study. However, in such a large amount of material information, how to choose the appropriate vocabulary of materials to express their architectural concepts, form architectural image and create an architectural atmosphere is a puzzling thing for many architects. Based on the perception of materials, this paper illustrates the expressive effect of materials providing natural perception in building space and form, and the expressive effect of materials'self-analysis in building. The process of perception and its integration with building materials are dismantled to show that materials have physiological perception, psychological interpretation and conceptual cognition. When building materials act on the abstract concepts of space and form of architecture, the presentation of its content is not only the visual properties of the surface, but also the existence of an overall natural perception based on the interpretation of concepts. The perceptual content is based on perception, but not terminated by perception, but is sublimated on the basis of perceptual information. Purely pursuing the combination of architectural space and form, modern architects are willing to reduce the surface visual properties of materials to shield the natural perception of materials, so as to be able to make architectural space and shape. The concept of "style" is highlighted. Without avoiding the influence of building materials on the viewer's perception, the overall concept of materials in the viewer's cognition plays a role in the process of expression of space and building image, and the perceptual orientation of the whole space and building image is dominated by its interpretative connotation and symbolic meaning. It can not be confined to the internal and external space interface of the building itself, but blend between the space to make its perceptual contribution, form the softening of the space boundary, create the layers between the spaces, and even create the illusory space perception. The role of the architect in many architectural expressions, the architect's emphasis on building materials and design to make the material itself enough to become the center and highlight of the building text. The analytical perception of materials is an unnatural process of expression that challenges the cognitive concepts possessed by materials in the cognitive structure and attracts the attention of the viewer. In short, whether it is to add a sense of interest to the space and form of architecture, or to express its own special design into the landscape of architecture, architecture. The perceptual expression of materials in architecture is of great significance. In turn, the vocabulary of materials must be the vocabulary of materials if the perception of the selected building materials conforms to the meaning to be expressed in architecture, and if the design of materials is ingenious enough to make the application of materials the guide of architectural image. The selection and design of the word before the word.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU50

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本文編號：2251204