【摘要】：潔凈廠房也叫無塵車間、潔凈室(Clean Room)、無塵室,是指將一定空間范圍內(nèi)空氣中的微粒子、有害氣體、細(xì)菌等污染物排除,并將室內(nèi)溫度、潔凈度、氣流速度與氣流分布控制在某一范圍內(nèi),而所給予特別設(shè)計(jì)的房間。隨著我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,潔凈廠房已廣泛應(yīng)用于電子、生物制藥、精密儀器制造等領(lǐng)域。與常規(guī)建筑相比,潔凈廠房具有單一空間面積大、空間設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)雜,凈空高、造價(jià)高、有毒易燃化學(xué)品儲(chǔ)量多等特點(diǎn)。同時(shí),由于建筑的使用功能的要求,又使得其內(nèi)部空間難以進(jìn)行實(shí)體分隔,這就必然導(dǎo)致這類建筑的防火設(shè)計(jì)往往難以滿足現(xiàn)行防火規(guī)范的要求,存在諸多防火設(shè)計(jì)問題。如何更好的對(duì)其進(jìn)行防火設(shè)計(jì)、防止危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品擴(kuò)散及指導(dǎo)人員安全疏散,不僅成為學(xué)術(shù)探討的課題也是亟待解決的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。本文根據(jù)性能化防火設(shè)計(jì)方法,以某大型潔凈電子廠房為研究對(duì)象,通過懫取設(shè)置防火分隔、安全疏散走道,危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品置于特氣柜等綜合措施,對(duì)其進(jìn)行防火性能化設(shè)計(jì),以降低其火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性,提氋消防安全性能。為驗(yàn)證該性能化設(shè)計(jì)的效果,本文將危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品根據(jù)其輸送狀態(tài)分開討論,分別論證供液柜和特氣柜儲(chǔ)存的可靠性,并選取具有代表性的化學(xué)品進(jìn)行爆炸沖擊波超壓計(jì)算,根據(jù)結(jié)果提出合理的布局及儲(chǔ)量建議。針對(duì)人員疏散,采用FDS軟件建立假定火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景,對(duì)其火災(zāi)發(fā)展過程進(jìn)行計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)值模擬,研究火災(zāi)情況下的安全疏散走道的煙氣流動(dòng)狀態(tài)等參數(shù),得出人員可用疏散時(shí)間;同時(shí)通過懫用Path Finder軟件對(duì)人員疏散進(jìn)行模擬,得出人員必需疏散時(shí)間。比較火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景、疏散場(chǎng)景計(jì)算出的人員可用疏散時(shí)間和人員必需疏散時(shí)間。結(jié)果表明:建筑內(nèi)人員能夠安全疏散到室外安全區(qū)域,但模擬過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)部分疏散樓梯未得到充分利用,建議加強(qiáng)人員疏散引導(dǎo),提高疏散樓梯利用率,進(jìn)而提高人員疏散速度。綜上,通過分析論證和計(jì)算機(jī)模擬,證明了該廠房?jī)?nèi)危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品儲(chǔ)量及使用方式滿足安全要求,并對(duì)如何有效地降低化學(xué)品泄漏的破壞性及提高人員疏散效率提出了相關(guān)建議及措施。
[Abstract]:Clean workshop also known as dust-free workshop, clean room (Clean Room), clean room, refers to a certain space range of air particles, harmful gases, bacteria and other pollutants, and indoor temperature, cleanliness, A room in which the velocity and distribution of air flow are controlled within a certain range and are specially designed. With the development of China's national economy, clean plant has been widely used in electronics, biopharmaceutical, precision instrument manufacturing and other fields. Compared with the conventional buildings, the clean building has the characteristics of large single space area, complex space design, high clearance, high cost, and more toxic and flammable chemicals. At the same time, because of the requirement of building function, it is difficult to separate the interior space, which inevitably leads to the fire protection design of this kind of building is often difficult to meet the requirements of the current fire code, there are a lot of fire protection design problems. How to better fire prevention design, prevent the spread of dangerous chemicals and guide the safety of personnel evacuation, not only become a topic of academic discussion but also a practical problem to be solved. In this paper, according to the design method of performance-based fire prevention, a large clean electronic workshop is taken as the research object, and the fire proof performance design is carried out through the comprehensive measures such as setting fire prevention separation, safe evacuation walkway, placing dangerous chemicals in special gas tank and so on. In order to reduce its fire risk, improve the fire safety performance. In order to verify the effect of the performance-based design, the dangerous chemicals are discussed separately according to their transport state, and the reliability of storage of the liquid supply tank and the special gas tank are demonstrated, and the representative chemicals are selected to calculate the explosion shock wave overpressure. According to the results, the reasonable layout and reserve suggestions are put forward. Aiming at the evacuation of people, a hypothetical fire scene is established by using FDS software, and the numerical simulation of the fire development process is carried out, and the parameters such as the flue gas flow state of the safe evacuation walkway under the fire condition are studied, and the available evacuation time of the personnel is obtained. At the same time, the Path Finder software is used to simulate the evacuation, and the necessary evacuation time is obtained. Compared with the fire scene, the evacuation time and the necessary evacuation time are calculated. The results show that the occupants in the building can be safely evacuated to the outdoor safe area, but in the simulation process, it is found that some evacuation staircases are not fully utilized. It is suggested to strengthen the evacuation guidance and improve the utilization ratio of the evacuation stairs. And then improve the speed of evacuation. In summary, through analysis and demonstration and computer simulation, it is proved that the storage and use of dangerous chemicals in the plant can meet the safety requirements. Some suggestions and measures on how to effectively reduce chemical leakage and improve evacuation efficiency are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU998.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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1 李驥;;國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《特種氣體系統(tǒng)工程技術(shù)規(guī)范》GB 50646-2011[A];2013年年會(huì)暨工業(yè)氣體供應(yīng)技術(shù)論壇論文集（上海）[C];2014年

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本文編號(hào)：2234470