【摘要】：木建筑憑借其優(yōu)越的環(huán)保性能,親切自然的性格和質(zhì)樸迷人的審美取向,在全世界掀起興建的熱潮。然而中國(guó)目前林業(yè)資源十分短缺,建造用木材嚴(yán)重依賴(lài)進(jìn)口,同時(shí)還存在著大量廢舊木材無(wú)法得到充分回收利用的問(wèn)題,這極大限制了我國(guó)木建筑的發(fā)展。因此本文在此背景之下,以綠色建筑的“3R”節(jié)材理念為線(xiàn)索,運(yùn)用集中梳理、比較研究法、學(xué)科交叉等方法展開(kāi)了對(duì)木建筑節(jié)材優(yōu)化的研究,以期能夠?yàn)槲覈?guó)未來(lái)的木建筑設(shè)計(jì)及建造提供可行的節(jié)材策略,達(dá)到保護(hù)林業(yè)資源和生態(tài)環(huán)境、降低經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)等目的�！�3R”理念分別指代“Reduce”,“Reuse”和“Recycle"三個(gè)層級(jí),本文分別針對(duì)每一個(gè)層級(jí)提出相應(yīng)的建筑設(shè)計(jì)和建造節(jié)材策略,并輔以案例模擬做出分析驗(yàn)證�！癛educe"即減量化,旨在有效減少建筑木材的投入,對(duì)此本文提出相應(yīng)的建筑設(shè)計(jì)策略——加大結(jié)構(gòu)合理性、提高空間效率和構(gòu)件的輕量化與簡(jiǎn)化、選擇代木復(fù)合用材等;和建造策略——提高預(yù)制比重和創(chuàng)新加工技術(shù),并提出空心井干木屋模擬案例,以驗(yàn)證前文策略的節(jié)材效能�！癛euse”即再利用,旨在提升材料利用率、減少新材料的投入和降低污染。結(jié)合廢木料的再利用原則和特點(diǎn),提出相應(yīng)的建筑設(shè)計(jì)策略——新舊材料的對(duì)比與協(xié)調(diào)、歷史場(chǎng)所的還原等;和建造策略——舊材的獲取與修復(fù)、確定建造流程等,并提出直接利用廢舊木材的建筑設(shè)計(jì)模擬案例,以驗(yàn)證文中策略的節(jié)材效能�！癛ecycle”再循環(huán),即廢舊建筑木材的高效回收,主要圍繞建筑拆解展開(kāi)研究。首先提出為拆解而設(shè)計(jì)的策略,其次提出建筑拆解實(shí)施方法——建筑的可拆解性評(píng)估、確定拆除流程和技術(shù)等,以達(dá)到將建筑中不同類(lèi)型的木構(gòu)件系統(tǒng)化,層次化地拆除,并逐一分離回收的目的。最后提出可拆裝木屋的模擬案例,以驗(yàn)證文中策略的節(jié)材效能。本文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新成果在于將循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的“3R”理念與建筑節(jié)材相結(jié)合,針對(duì)木建筑生命周期的關(guān)鍵過(guò)程提出相應(yīng)的節(jié)材策略,以減少木建筑設(shè)計(jì)、建造及拆解環(huán)節(jié)的木材投入量,將廢棄建筑木材高效回收和重復(fù)利用,以實(shí)現(xiàn)低消耗、低污染、低排放的閉路循環(huán),呼應(yīng)了我國(guó)未來(lái)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的時(shí)代主題,在環(huán)境、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)方面都有著一定意義。
[Abstract]:Wooden buildings, with their superior environmental performance, natural-friendly personality and attractive aesthetic orientation, have set off a worldwide construction boom. However, China's forestry resources are very scarce, construction timber is heavily dependent on imports, and there are also a large number of waste timber can not be fully recycled, which greatly limits the problem. Therefore, under this background, this paper takes the "3R" concept of green building as a clue, uses the methods of centralized carding, comparative study and cross-disciplinary research to carry out the research on timber-saving optimization of wood building, in order to provide feasible strategies for timber-saving in the future timber building design and construction in China, so as to achieve protection. The concept of "3R" refers to the three levels of "Reduce", "Reuse" and "Recycle". This paper puts forward corresponding strategies for building design and building materials saving for each level, and makes analysis and verification with case simulation. In view of the input of building timber, this paper puts forward the corresponding architectural design strategies - increasing the rationality of the structure, improving the space efficiency and the lightening and simplification of components, choosing composite timber substituted for wood, etc. and the Construction Strategies - increasing the prefabricated proportion and innovative processing technology, and puts forward a simulation case of hollow shaft dry wooden house to verify the previous strategy section. "Reuse" means reuse, aiming at improving material utilization rate, reducing the investment of new materials and reducing pollution. Combining with the reuse principles and characteristics of waste wood, this paper puts forward corresponding architectural design strategies, such as the comparison and coordination of new and old materials, the restoration of historical sites, and construction strategies, such as the acquisition and restoration of used materials, to determine the construction. Recycle recycling, i.e. efficient recycling of waste building timber, mainly focuses on building dismantlement. First, the strategy of design for dismantlement is put forward, and then the implementation method of building dismantlement, i.e. building feasibility, is put forward. Demolition assessment, demolition process and technology are determined to systematize, hierarchically demolish and recycle different types of wood components in the building. Finally, a simulation case of demolition and assembly of wooden houses is presented to verify the effectiveness of the strategy in this paper. Combining the concept with building material saving, this paper puts forward corresponding material saving strategies for the key process of wood building life cycle, in order to reduce the timber input in wood building design, construction and disassembly, recycle and reuse the waste building timber efficiently, so as to realize the closed-circuit cycle of low consumption, low pollution and low emission, which echoes the sustainable development of our country in the future. The theme of development is of certain significance in terms of environment, society and economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU209

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本文編號(hào)：2229207