【摘要】：工程造價編制是工程建設的主線,以計劃投資為起點、以確定工程費用為目標、形成申請和撥付工程款項的款項往來脈絡,貫穿在工程建設始終。園林綠化工程具有投資額度小、季節(jié)要求嚴格、“短平快”等特點,建設方經(jīng)常通過自行選定施工單位或者以議標的方式來簽訂合同。但在結算時會產(chǎn)生估算超過概算、預算超過概算、結算超過預算、低價中標高價結算等情況,甚至出現(xiàn)造價“黑洞”[1]。這些均對提高工程建設的投資效益不利,對工程施工的成本控制不利,對建設行業(yè)的市場競爭不利。只有通過進一步推行工程造價咨詢制度[2],完善園林綠化行業(yè)招投標工作,加強工程項目造價管理與控制,才能有效解決此問題。西安市園林綠化工程實施中,經(jīng)常注重于控制工程施工時的造價,而對工程前期及其工程后期的造價控制關心不夠,形成了造價控制不力的現(xiàn)象。針對這種普遍情況,本文總結出在園林綠化工程各階段、各環(huán)節(jié)工程造價控制的要素和重點,尤其是對園林綠化工程影響大的前期工作即投資決策和設計階段,本文運用較大篇幅提出了具有針對性的控制措施。同時對工程后期階段的決算控制也進行了討論。園林綠化工程造價控制是一個環(huán)環(huán)相扣、循序漸進的過程,需要投資方、建設方、施工方、監(jiān)理方及第三方造價咨詢等各個方面齊抓共管共同努力,使園林綠化工程建設中的人、材、機等資源得到有效利用,減少工程造價,節(jié)約工程投資成本,從而最大限度提升工程的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益,提高園林綠化行業(yè)的整體管理水平,促進園林綠化行業(yè)的良性經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。本文首先闡述了工程造價相關概念,對工程造價的作用和重要意義提出自己的看法;其次,闡述園林綠化工程造價與眾不同的特質(zhì);之后,通過對西安市園林綠化行業(yè)發(fā)展狀況的分析,揭示了西安市園林綠化工程造價控制的現(xiàn)狀及存在的主要問題;在此基礎上,結合文景山公園工程的設計方案及設計概算,詳細論述了園林綠化工程造價在各主要階段的控制重點及相應的措施及方法;最后對本文進行了總結,希望本文成果成功運用于園林綠化工程造價控制的實踐中,促使園林綠化建設更健康發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The compilation of project cost is the main line of engineering construction. Taking planning investment as the starting point and determining the project cost as the goal, the project cost establishment forms the flow of application and appropriation of the project funds, which runs through the construction of the project from beginning to end. The landscaping project has the characteristics of small investment, strict seasonal requirement and "short, flat and fast", etc. The construction party often signs the contract by selecting the construction unit by itself or by negotiating the bid. However, when settlement occurs, estimates exceed budget estimates, budgets exceed budget estimates, settlement exceeds budget, low prices win bids and high prices settle, and even a "black hole" occurs in cost [1]. All of these are disadvantageous to the improvement of investment benefit of engineering construction, to the cost control of engineering construction and to the market competition of construction industry. Only by further carrying out the engineering cost consultation system [2], perfecting the bidding and bidding work of the landscaping industry, and strengthening the management and control of the project cost, can the problem be solved effectively. In the implementation of garden greening project in Xi'an city, it is often paid attention to control the construction cost of the project, but not enough attention is paid to the cost control in the early stage of the project and the later stage of the project, which has formed the phenomenon that the cost control is weak. In view of this general situation, this paper summarizes the elements and key points of cost control in each stage of landscaping engineering, especially in the early stage of investment decision-making and design stage, which has a great impact on landscape engineering. In this paper, the author puts forward some relevant control measures. At the same time, the final accounting control in the late stage of the project is also discussed. The cost control of landscaping project is an interlocking and gradual process, which requires the joint efforts of the investors, the construction side, the supervision side and the third party cost consultation, etc. To make effective use of resources such as people, materials and machines in the construction of landscaping projects, to reduce the project cost, to save the cost of engineering investment, and thus to maximize the economic and social benefits of the project, Improve the whole management level of the garden greening industry, promote the benign economic development of the garden greening industry. This article first elaborated the engineering cost related concept, proposed own view to the project cost function and the important significance; secondly, elaborated the garden afforestation project cost unusual characteristic; after, Based on the analysis of the development situation of landscape greening industry in Xi'an, the paper reveals the current situation and main problems of cost control of landscape engineering in Xi'an, and combines the design scheme and design estimate of Wenjingshan Park Project. This paper discusses in detail the key points and corresponding measures and methods of the cost control of landscaping engineering in each main stage, and finally summarizes the results of this paper, hoping that the results of this paper can be successfully applied in the practice of cost control of garden greening projects. To promote the construction of green garden more healthy development.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU986.3;TU723.3

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