基于免疫遺傳算法的鋼筋混凝土框剪結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-25 10:24
【摘要】：人工免疫系統(tǒng)模擬了生物免疫系統(tǒng)中與信息處理有關(guān)的一些基本概念和機(jī)理,其包含兩個(gè)分支——免疫克隆選擇算法和人工進(jìn)化算法。免疫克隆選擇算法模擬了人體自身的免疫系統(tǒng),與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)遺傳算法相比,該算法注重變異算子,在搜索過程中保留了更多局部信息。人工進(jìn)化算法模擬了人工獲得免疫,在一般進(jìn)化算法的流程中添加了免疫算子。免疫算子利用實(shí)際問題的特征信息或先驗(yàn)知識(shí),對(duì)種群進(jìn)化進(jìn)行局部調(diào)整,起到避免種群出現(xiàn)退化或出現(xiàn)無效操作的作用,改善種群的搜索方向。筆者通過對(duì)比研究多種仿生算法,得出免疫遺傳算法是最適合對(duì)框剪結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行布局優(yōu)化的結(jié)論。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容和取得的成果包括:(1)推導(dǎo)了框剪結(jié)構(gòu)的抗側(cè)、抗扭剛度矩陣,并通過分析不同優(yōu)化變量對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)剛度的靈敏度,得出了剪力墻的長度和距形心的距離是影響結(jié)構(gòu)抗扭、抗側(cè)剛度的主要因素的結(jié)論。為優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)模型的建立提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。(2)建立了鋼筋混凝土框剪結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)模型�？蚣艚Y(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化目標(biāo)是結(jié)構(gòu)中梁、柱、墻的造價(jià)之和。根據(jù)優(yōu)化變量對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)剛度的靈敏度分析,提出將優(yōu)化變量分為2級(jí),首先確定墻體的布局再進(jìn)行截面尺寸優(yōu)化的思路。第1級(jí)優(yōu)化變量為剪力墻的長度,剪力墻距形心的距離,以及墻、柱的混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)。第2級(jí)優(yōu)化變量為框架梁、框架柱、剪力墻的構(gòu)件尺寸。與優(yōu)化變量相對(duì)應(yīng)的,結(jié)構(gòu)的約束條件也分為2級(jí),第1級(jí)為結(jié)構(gòu)的整體指標(biāo)約束,第2級(jí)為構(gòu)件的承載力約束和構(gòu)造約束。第1級(jí)優(yōu)化通過免疫算法對(duì)種群進(jìn)行進(jìn)化來實(shí)現(xiàn)。第2級(jí)優(yōu)化通過網(wǎng)格搜索法來完成。不論是免疫遺傳算法還是網(wǎng)格搜索法都適用于離散型變量,可以使結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化結(jié)果滿足模數(shù)制要求。(3)在免疫遺傳算法中設(shè)計(jì)了3種疫苗:墻體布置疫苗、混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)疫苗和整體約束疫苗。墻體布置疫苗和混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)疫苗主要起到將設(shè)計(jì)習(xí)慣和先驗(yàn)知識(shí)引入到算法中,令所有個(gè)體所對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)都具可行性,彌補(bǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)遺傳算法在搜索時(shí)的盲目性的缺陷。整體約束疫苗的作用是優(yōu)化算法的搜索方向,提高種群的整體適應(yīng)度,提高算法的效率。(4)編寫了鋼筋混凝土框架-剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)軟件SWOD。軟件采用VC++編程語言,采用面向?qū)ο蟮木幊谭椒�。軟件可以�?dǎo)入PKPM的數(shù)據(jù)文件STRUSTRU.SAT和LOAD.SAT,保證了輸入數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性,并且使平面復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)成為可能。結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化過程中需要用到的內(nèi)力分析、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)過程全部由SWOD完成。SWOD只需用戶輸入少量的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),大多參數(shù)根據(jù)規(guī)范進(jìn)行設(shè)定,使用簡便。SWOD的設(shè)計(jì)利用了面向?qū)ο缶幊谭椒ǖ亩鄳B(tài)性,使程序有較高的靈活性,若程序需求發(fā)生改變,對(duì)原有代碼的修改量很小。(5)SWOD采用CSC矩陣存儲(chǔ)策略和基于超節(jié)點(diǎn)的LDL求解器,適用于大型稀疏矩陣求解。CSC矩陣存儲(chǔ)策略顯著降低了結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)空間的需求,基于超節(jié)點(diǎn)的LDL求解器能夠高效完成結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力分析和靜力分析,使大型框剪結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)成為可能。(6)分析對(duì)比了5個(gè)算例,分別從SWOD的內(nèi)力分析和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的正確性,網(wǎng)格搜索法的有效性,對(duì)比三種設(shè)計(jì)模式的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化結(jié)果,多層框剪結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化效果以及高層框剪結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化效果等幾方面,證明了將免疫遺傳算法用于框剪結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的有效性和SWOD軟件的使用范圍的廣泛。根據(jù)本文免疫遺傳算法編寫的SWOD軟件得出的框剪結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化結(jié)果滿足各項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范要求,引入多項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)習(xí)慣,可以提供給設(shè)計(jì)人員可行的初步設(shè)計(jì)方案。
[Abstract]:Artificial immune system simulates some basic concepts and mechanisms related to information processing in biological immune system, which includes two branches: immune clonal selection algorithm and artificial evolution algorithm. Artificial evolutionary algorithm simulates artificial immunity and adds an immune operator to the general evolutionary algorithm. The immune operator makes use of the characteristic information or prior knowledge of the actual problem to adjust the population evolution locally, which can avoid the degeneration or invalid operation of the population. The main contents and achievements of this paper include: (1) The lateral and torsional stiffness matrices of frame-shear structures are derived, and the stiffness matrices of frame-shear structures with different optimization variables are analyzed. It is concluded that the length of the shear wall and the distance from the center of the shear wall are the main factors affecting the torsion resistance and lateral stiffness of the structure. The theoretical basis is provided for the establishment of the optimal design model. (2) The optimal design model of reinforced concrete frame-shear structure is established. According to the sensitivity analysis of the optimization variables to the structural stiffness, the optimization variables are divided into two stages. The first stage is the length of the shear wall, the distance between the shear wall and the center of the shape, and the concrete strength grade of the wall and the column. The second stage is the frame beam and the frame. Corresponding to the optimization variables, the constraints of the structure are also divided into two levels: the first level is the overall index constraints of the structure, the second level is the bearing capacity constraints and structural constraints of the members. Epidemic genetic algorithm or grid search method are both suitable for discrete variables, which can make the structure optimization result meet the modulus requirements. (3) Three vaccines are designed in immune genetic algorithm: wall layout vaccine, concrete strength class vaccine and whole constraint vaccine. The design habit and prior knowledge are introduced into the algorithm to make the corresponding structures of all individuals feasible and make up for the blindness of the standard genetic algorithm in the search process. The software SWOD adopts VC++ programming language and object-oriented programming method.The software can import PKPM data files STRUSTRU.SAT and LOAD.SAT to ensure the accuracy of input data and make the optimization design of complex planar structures possible. SWOD only needs users to input a small number of design parameters, and most parameters are set according to the specifications. The design of SWOD makes use of the polymorphism of object-oriented programming method to make the program more flexible. If the program needs to be changed, the modification of the original code is very small. (5) SWOD uses CS. C matrix storage strategy and LDL solver based on super-node are suitable for large-scale sparse matrix solution. CSC matrix storage strategy significantly reduces the demand for computer storage space. LDL solver based on super-node can efficiently complete the dynamic and static analysis of the structure, making the optimization design of large-scale frame-shear structure possible. Five examples are analyzed and compared. From the internal force analysis of SWOD and the correctness of structural design, the effectiveness of grid search method, the optimization results of three design modes, the optimization effect of multi-storey frame-shear structure and the optimization effect of high-rise frame-shear structure, it is proved that the immune genetic algorithm is suitable for the optimization of frame-shear structure. The results of optimization of frame-shear structure based on SWOD software compiled by immune genetic algorithm in this paper can meet the requirements of various design specifications. The introduction of a number of design habits can provide designers with feasible preliminary design schemes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU398.2
本文編號(hào)：2202594
[Abstract]:Artificial immune system simulates some basic concepts and mechanisms related to information processing in biological immune system, which includes two branches: immune clonal selection algorithm and artificial evolution algorithm. Artificial evolutionary algorithm simulates artificial immunity and adds an immune operator to the general evolutionary algorithm. The immune operator makes use of the characteristic information or prior knowledge of the actual problem to adjust the population evolution locally, which can avoid the degeneration or invalid operation of the population. The main contents and achievements of this paper include: (1) The lateral and torsional stiffness matrices of frame-shear structures are derived, and the stiffness matrices of frame-shear structures with different optimization variables are analyzed. It is concluded that the length of the shear wall and the distance from the center of the shear wall are the main factors affecting the torsion resistance and lateral stiffness of the structure. The theoretical basis is provided for the establishment of the optimal design model. (2) The optimal design model of reinforced concrete frame-shear structure is established. According to the sensitivity analysis of the optimization variables to the structural stiffness, the optimization variables are divided into two stages. The first stage is the length of the shear wall, the distance between the shear wall and the center of the shape, and the concrete strength grade of the wall and the column. The second stage is the frame beam and the frame. Corresponding to the optimization variables, the constraints of the structure are also divided into two levels: the first level is the overall index constraints of the structure, the second level is the bearing capacity constraints and structural constraints of the members. Epidemic genetic algorithm or grid search method are both suitable for discrete variables, which can make the structure optimization result meet the modulus requirements. (3) Three vaccines are designed in immune genetic algorithm: wall layout vaccine, concrete strength class vaccine and whole constraint vaccine. The design habit and prior knowledge are introduced into the algorithm to make the corresponding structures of all individuals feasible and make up for the blindness of the standard genetic algorithm in the search process. The software SWOD adopts VC++ programming language and object-oriented programming method.The software can import PKPM data files STRUSTRU.SAT and LOAD.SAT to ensure the accuracy of input data and make the optimization design of complex planar structures possible. SWOD only needs users to input a small number of design parameters, and most parameters are set according to the specifications. The design of SWOD makes use of the polymorphism of object-oriented programming method to make the program more flexible. If the program needs to be changed, the modification of the original code is very small. (5) SWOD uses CS. C matrix storage strategy and LDL solver based on super-node are suitable for large-scale sparse matrix solution. CSC matrix storage strategy significantly reduces the demand for computer storage space. LDL solver based on super-node can efficiently complete the dynamic and static analysis of the structure, making the optimization design of large-scale frame-shear structure possible. Five examples are analyzed and compared. From the internal force analysis of SWOD and the correctness of structural design, the effectiveness of grid search method, the optimization results of three design modes, the optimization effect of multi-storey frame-shear structure and the optimization effect of high-rise frame-shear structure, it is proved that the immune genetic algorithm is suitable for the optimization of frame-shear structure. The results of optimization of frame-shear structure based on SWOD software compiled by immune genetic algorithm in this paper can meet the requirements of various design specifications. The introduction of a number of design habits can provide designers with feasible preliminary design schemes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU398.2
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