【摘要】：近幾年隨著國家經(jīng)濟增長速度逐漸放緩,裝載機作為國內(nèi)最成熟的工程機械產(chǎn)品之一,市場需求相對減少,其可靠性與使用壽命日益受到制造企業(yè)和用戶的重視。傳動系統(tǒng)和工作裝置作為裝載機的兩大核心組成部分,在持續(xù)的隨機載荷作用下,各零部件容易產(chǎn)生疲勞損失,嚴重影響整機使用性能和壽命,因此研究一種實用的傳動系統(tǒng)和工作裝置載荷譜采集方法、編制方法和應用方法,是提高我國目前裝載機質(zhì)量可靠性的關鍵所在。本文首先給出了裝載機整機載荷譜試驗的操作方法,包括裝載機的作業(yè)工況的選擇、作業(yè)路線的制定、鏟裝方法的選取、物料以及試驗場地的準備等。然后在對徐工ZL50G裝載機各部分結構參數(shù)研究分析后,結合現(xiàn)有研究成果,對其傳動系統(tǒng)和工作裝置載荷譜載荷測試方法進行了研究。傳動系統(tǒng)方面:詳細的給出了采用電阻應變片和近程遙測技術相結合的方法測試傳動軸以及半軸扭矩的步驟;提出了測量驅(qū)動橋垂直橋荷的三種方案并分析了各自的優(yōu)缺點;給出了測試發(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)速和油門開度大小以及間接獲得發(fā)動機扭矩的方法;設計了記錄裝載機擋位信號的電路;另外還給出了其他部件參數(shù)的獲取方式,例如液力變距器的各項參數(shù),傳動軸、車輪等零部件轉(zhuǎn)速,轉(zhuǎn)向油缸的位移與壓力等。工作裝置方面:主要設計了一套完整的裝載機鏟斗外載荷測試方案,該方案主要是通過設計測量動臂-鏟斗鉸接處銷軸受力的銷軸傳感器和連桿受力傳感器間接得出鏟斗所受的外載荷(包括徑向載荷、側向載荷、偏載);在工作裝置姿態(tài)確定下,給出了工作裝置各鉸點坐標的計算方法;最后提出了兩種驗證工作裝置銷軸傳感器和連桿傳感器測量數(shù)據(jù)準確度的方法。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the national economic growth rate slowing down, loader as one of the most mature construction machinery products in China, the market demand is relatively reduced, its reliability and service life has been increasingly valued by manufacturing enterprises and users. Transmission system and working device are the two core components of loader. Under the action of continuous random load, the parts and components are prone to fatigue losses, which seriously affect the performance and life of the whole machine. Therefore, it is the key to improve the quality and reliability of loaders in our country to study a practical method of collecting load spectrum of transmission system and working device, compiling method and application method. In this paper, the operating methods of load spectrum test for loaders are first given, including the selection of working conditions, the formulation of operation routes, the selection of shovel loading methods, the preparation of materials and test sites, and so on. Then, after studying and analyzing the structural parameters of Xugong ZL50G loader, combined with the existing research results, the load spectrum load test method of its transmission system and working device is studied. In the aspect of transmission system, the steps of measuring the torque of drive shaft and half shaft by using resistance strain gauge and short-range telemetry technology are given in detail, and three schemes of measuring vertical load of drive axle are put forward and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The method of measuring engine speed and throttle opening degree and indirectly obtaining engine torque is given. The circuit of recording loader's baffle signal is designed, and the method of obtaining parameters of other components is also given. For example, the parameters of hydraulic range changer, speed of parts such as drive shaft and wheel, displacement and pressure of steering cylinder, etc. Working device: mainly designed a complete load testing scheme of loader bucket, In this scheme, the external load (including radial load, lateral load, biasing load) of the bucket is obtained indirectly by designing the pin shaft sensor and the connecting rod force sensor which measure the pin shaft force at the hinge of the arm and bucket joint, and when the working device attitude is determined, the external load (including radial load, lateral load, biasing load) of the bucket is obtained indirectly. The calculation method of the coordinate of each hinge point of the working device is given, and two methods to verify the accuracy of the measuring data of the pin shaft sensor and the connecting rod sensor of the working device are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH243

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本文編號：2201664