【摘要】：隨著城市化的大力推進和人們對住房要求的提高,高層樓房的需求量將會呈現出攀升的趨勢,高層樓房帶來的問題也越來越多,高層供水就是一個突出問題。傳統的供水方式都存在效率偏低、穩(wěn)定性差、能耗和浪費較大的問題,而高層供水則必須要求系統具有較好的穩(wěn)定性和節(jié)能性。所以為了更好的解決高層供水問題,本文設計了一套基于PLC和模糊PID技術的恒壓供水系統。本系統利用了先進的模糊控制技術、變頻控制技術和電氣控制技術,加強了恒壓供水系統的智能性和高效性,使恒壓供水系統能夠完全勝任高層供水的任務。由于恒壓供水系統具有滯后性、大慣性和干擾因素多的特點,傳統的變頻調速不能滿足水泵運行的所有工況,所以必須采用具有自適應能力的算法。本系統采用模糊PID算法,該算法同時具有PID算法與模糊算法的優(yōu)點,可以適應水泵運行的各種工況,能夠滿足高層樓房對恒壓供水系統的要求。本系統運用MATLAB軟件和Simulink軟件包對模糊PID控制器進行輔助設計,第一步確定系統的輸入輸出變量,并將其模糊化;第二步確定恒壓供水系統的模糊規(guī)則,模糊規(guī)則是利用設計者的知識和經驗設計的;第三步進行模糊輸出變量的去模糊化。利用MATLAB軟件完成模糊PID控制器之后,選擇合適的供水模型就可以實現對恒壓供水系統的仿真。通過仿真曲線來比較模糊PID算法和傳統PID算法,參數對比之后會得出模糊PID算法的動態(tài)特性、靜態(tài)特性和魯棒性更好。本系統硬件結構主要包括S7-200PLC、MM430變頻器、水泵電機和傳感器,系統的主要工作過程為:壓力傳感器采集管網水壓信號送入PLC,在PLC的CPU進行處理之后把模擬量信號送入變頻器,變頻器根據PLC送入的模擬量電壓來調節(jié)自身頻率的大小,進一步來調節(jié)電動機的速度。程序設計主要分為自動運行控制和手動運行控制兩個部分,系統根據是否存在故障這一實際運行狀況來判斷是采用自動運行控制還是手動運行控制。模糊PID控制器的應用,使恒壓供水系統的自適應能力增強,使變頻器和水泵電機高效的工作。本系統的管網水壓波動小,大大減少了電能的浪費,并且降低了設備故障的概率,達到了高層供水的要求,能滿足居民對日常生活用水的需要。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization and the improvement of people's demand for housing, the demand of high-rise buildings will be rising, and the problems caused by high-rise buildings will be more and more. High-rise water supply is a prominent problem. The traditional water supply methods have some problems such as low efficiency, poor stability, large energy consumption and waste, while the high water supply system must have better stability and energy saving. So in order to solve the problem of high-rise water supply, this paper designs a set of constant pressure water supply system based on PLC and fuzzy PID technology. The system utilizes advanced fuzzy control technology, frequency conversion control technology and electrical control technology, which strengthens the intelligence and efficiency of the constant pressure water supply system, and makes the constant pressure water supply system fully competent for the task of high level water supply. Because the constant pressure water supply system has the characteristics of lag, large inertia and many interference factors, the traditional frequency conversion speed regulation can not meet all the operating conditions of the pump, so it is necessary to adopt an adaptive algorithm. The system adopts fuzzy PID algorithm, which has the advantages of both PID algorithm and fuzzy algorithm. It can adapt to various operating conditions of water pump, and can meet the requirements of high buildings for constant pressure water supply system. The system uses MATLAB software and Simulink software package to design the fuzzy PID controller. The first step is to determine the input and output variables of the system, and the second step is to determine the fuzzy rules of the constant pressure water supply system. Fuzzy rules are designed by using the designer's knowledge and experience, and the third step is to defuzzify the fuzzy output variables. After the fuzzy PID controller is completed by using MATLAB software, the simulation of the constant pressure water supply system can be realized by selecting the appropriate water supply model. The simulation curve is used to compare the fuzzy PID algorithm with the traditional PID algorithm. After comparing the parameters, the dynamic, static and robust characteristics of the fuzzy PID algorithm are obtained. The hardware structure of the system mainly includes S7-200PLCU MM430 converter, pump motor and sensor. The main working process of the system is: pressure sensor collects water pressure signal of pipe network and sends it into PLC, after processing CPU of PLC, analog signal is sent to frequency converter. The frequency converter adjusts its frequency according to the analog voltage sent by PLC, and further adjusts the speed of the motor. The program design is mainly divided into two parts: automatic operation control and manual operation control. The system determines whether automatic operation control or manual operation control is adopted according to the actual running condition of whether there is fault or not. The application of fuzzy PID controller enhances the adaptive ability of constant pressure water supply system and makes the inverter and pump motor work efficiently. The water pressure fluctuation of the system is small, the waste of electric energy is greatly reduced, the probability of equipment failure is reduced, and the requirement of high water supply is reached, which can meet the needs of residents for daily use of water.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU821;TP273

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本文編號：2190548