【摘要】：樁基礎(chǔ)歷史悠久,現(xiàn)如今其廣泛應(yīng)用于各種建筑行業(yè),屬隱蔽工程,同時(shí)樁基礎(chǔ)的質(zhì)量直接決定了建筑優(yōu)劣,從而其影響著人民的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全,因此樁基礎(chǔ)的試驗(yàn)和檢驗(yàn)是必不可少。對(duì)于超長混凝土灌注樁來說,需要檢測樁身承載力和完整性。樁身完整性檢測有多種方法,其中聲波透射法具有檢測全面優(yōu)點(diǎn),并且其在樁檢方法中具有重要的代表性,其在業(yè)內(nèi)應(yīng)用較多,但其評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還不夠全面,并且其無法評(píng)判樁基承載力。因此需要進(jìn)一步研究并提高。本文系統(tǒng)的研究了聲波透射法的原理,對(duì)其原理和歷史盡心剖析,詳細(xì)評(píng)述了混凝土的各個(gè)聲學(xué)參數(shù)與混凝土質(zhì)量的關(guān)系,從而確立聲學(xué)參數(shù)和樁身缺陷之間的存在的關(guān)系。綜合探討基樁檢測數(shù)據(jù)和對(duì)應(yīng)的評(píng)判結(jié)果之間存在的關(guān)系,確定不同的檢測數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)的是那種缺陷,重點(diǎn)研究了樁身缺陷的評(píng)判方法,不同的樁基缺陷所對(duì)應(yīng)的樁基承載性能,以及聲測管管斜修正等問題。研究結(jié)果表明,現(xiàn)有的樁基評(píng)判方法較為單一,通常只以其中一個(gè)或兩個(gè)聲學(xué)參數(shù)對(duì)樁基進(jìn)行評(píng)判,無法考慮多種聲學(xué)參數(shù)的相互共同的結(jié)果對(duì)樁基質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)判,對(duì)于樁基承載性能也只能通過另一種試驗(yàn)方法來確定。為了豐富、完善現(xiàn)有的評(píng)判方法,本文會(huì)提出新樁基質(zhì)量評(píng)判方法,同時(shí)對(duì)存在缺陷的樁基承載性能進(jìn)行研究。首先,本文基于有限元法理論,通過有限元軟件Midas GTS來模擬不同樁身缺陷的樁基,并且模擬相同缺陷下,從而計(jì)算其在不同缺陷位置樁基的豎向承載能力。如此找出厚砂層這一地質(zhì)下,超長灌注樁的承載力和各種缺陷之間關(guān)系；其次,本文運(yùn)用模糊數(shù)學(xué)理論,基于原有判據(jù)提出模糊綜合評(píng)判法這一科學(xué)方法,將聲速、波幅、頻率和PSD值這四個(gè)相互影響的聲學(xué)參數(shù)綜合考慮,從而對(duì)樁基質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)判。利用模糊綜合評(píng)判法評(píng)判基樁質(zhì)量時(shí),通過統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)中的“F分布法”確立各評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)相對(duì)于樁基評(píng)價(jià)的梯形和半梯形隸屬度函數(shù),然后采用模糊層次分析法計(jì)算各評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的客觀、合理的權(quán)重值,最后通過各測點(diǎn)模糊運(yùn)算,得出一個(gè)綜合評(píng)判的結(jié)果。為了驗(yàn)證本文所提出的模糊綜合評(píng)判法的科學(xué)、實(shí)用性,并且優(yōu)越于原有的判據(jù),本文已通過分析大量的工程實(shí)例對(duì)其進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。從本文結(jié)果來看,本文的模糊綜合評(píng)判法合理、科學(xué)、可行。模糊綜合評(píng)判法與模糊層次分析法的相結(jié)合,其綜合考慮了多個(gè)重要的聲學(xué)參數(shù)判據(jù),相比于其他評(píng)判方法,該方法多評(píng)判的結(jié)果具有客觀性,更加真實(shí)、更加完善,并且可以取得了良好效果。
[Abstract]:Pile foundation has a long history, now it is widely used in various construction industries, it is a hidden project, and the quality of pile foundation directly determines the quality of the building, thus affecting the lives and property safety of the people. Therefore, it is necessary to test and test the pile foundation. For super long concrete cast-in-place pile, the bearing capacity and integrity of pile body should be tested. There are many methods for pile integrity detection, among which the acoustic transmission method has the advantages of comprehensive detection, and it has important representativeness in the pile inspection method, and it is widely used in the industry, but its evaluation standard is not comprehensive enough. And it can not judge the bearing capacity of pile foundation. Therefore, further research and improvement are needed. In this paper, the principle of acoustic transmission method is systematically studied, and its principle and history are analyzed. The relationship between each acoustic parameter of concrete and the quality of concrete is discussed in detail, so as to establish the relationship between acoustic parameter and defect of pile body. This paper comprehensively discusses the relationship between the testing data of foundation pile and the corresponding evaluation result, and determines that the defect corresponding to different test data is the kind of defect. The evaluation method of pile body defect and the bearing capacity of pile foundation corresponding to different pile foundation defect are studied emphatically. And sound measurement tube oblique correction and other issues. The results show that the existing methods of pile foundation evaluation are relatively simple, and usually only one or two acoustic parameters are used to judge the pile foundation, and the quality of pile foundation can not be judged by considering the common results of various acoustic parameters. The bearing capacity of pile foundation can only be determined by another test method. In order to enrich and improve the existing evaluation methods, a new method for evaluating the quality of pile foundation is put forward in this paper, and the bearing capacity of the pile foundation with defects is also studied. Firstly, based on the theory of finite element method, the finite element software Midas GTS is used to simulate the pile foundation with different defects, and the vertical bearing capacity of the pile foundation is calculated under the same defect. In this way, the relationship between bearing capacity and various defects of super-long cast-in-place pile is found under the geological condition of thick sand bed. Secondly, this paper puts forward the scientific method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on the original criterion by using the theory of fuzzy mathematics to make the sound velocity and wave amplitude. The four acoustical parameters of frequency and PSD are considered synthetically to judge the quality of pile foundation. When the quality of foundation pile is evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the membership functions of trapezoid and semi-trapezoidal membership degree of each evaluation index relative to pile foundation evaluation are established by "F distribution method" in statistics. Then the objective and reasonable weight value of each evaluation index is calculated by using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation result is obtained by fuzzy operation of each measuring point. In order to verify the science and practicability of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method proposed in this paper, and it is superior to the original criterion, this paper has verified it by analyzing a large number of engineering examples. From the results of this paper, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is reasonable, scientific and feasible. The combination of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) takes into account several important criteria of acoustic parameters. Compared with other evaluation methods, the results of this method are more objective, more real and more perfect. And can achieve good results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU473.16

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本文編號(hào)：2135559